A bruised cervix refers to physical trauma or damage to the delicate tissues of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. This area contains many small blood vessels, making it susceptible to injury and subsequent bruising when subjected to excessive pressure or force. While often uncomfortable, a bruised cervix typically heals on its own.
Common Causes of Cervical Bruising
Deep or vigorous sexual penetration is a frequent cause of cervical bruising. This can occur with a notable size difference between partners, during enthusiastic activity, or without adequate preparation. Insufficient arousal or a lack of lubrication increases friction, which can lead to trauma. Certain sexual positions, such as doggy style, may also increase the risk due to deeper penetration.
The average vaginal canal is approximately 3 to 7 inches deep, allowing the cervix to be reached during deep penetration. The cervix can also move depending on the menstrual cycle, sitting lower between a period and ovulation, potentially making it more vulnerable. Using large sex toys can also contribute to cervical bruising.
Additional Causes
Beyond sexual activity, medical procedures can sometimes lead to cervical bruising. Procedures like the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) can irritate the cervical opening, causing cramping, soreness, or spotting for a day or two.
Pregnancy can also make the cervix more sensitive and prone to bruising due to increased blood flow. As the uterus expands, increased pressure is placed on the pelvic organs and cervix. Vaginal birth itself can cause trauma to the cervix, especially if there is insufficient dilation.
Symptoms and When to Seek Medical Help
The most common symptom of a bruised cervix is pain, often described as a dull, aching sensation or cramping in the lower abdomen or pelvic region. This discomfort can range from mild to severe, sometimes leading to sweating, nausea, or vomiting. Pain during or after sexual activity is also a frequent sign, and subsequent penetration can make the pain worse or lead to further injury.
Light bleeding or spotting, distinct from a menstrual period, may also occur. This bleeding is usually light pink, brown, or bright red and typically lasts for one to three days, appearing immediately or gradually after the trauma. Other reported symptoms include lower back pain, discomfort during urination or bowel movements, or a feeling of pelvic pressure.
Seek medical attention if the pain does not improve after 48 to 72 hours, or if it worsens, interferes with sleep or daily activities, or becomes progressively more severe. Concerning bleeding patterns, such as bleeding that lasts longer than a few days, or heavy bleeding that fills a pad or tampon every hour, require immediate medical attention. Large blood clots, severe or unbearable pain, fever, or unusual vaginal discharge also require prompt medical care. If the bruising is a result of sexual assault or trauma, or if you are pregnant and experience symptoms, a doctor should be consulted.
Recovery and Self-Care
Most cases of cervical bruising resolve on their own within a few days to a week. Recovery involves rest and avoiding activities that could further irritate the cervix. This includes refraining from sexual intercourse or the use of tampons for approximately three to seven days, or until symptoms completely disappear.
Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help manage pain and inflammation. Applying a heating pad to the lower abdomen may also alleviate cramping and discomfort. Wearing loose-fitting clothing can reduce pressure on the abdomen, while a warm bath or gentle massage may offer additional relief. Tracking the intensity and duration of symptoms and noting any changes can help monitor the healing process.