Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small elastic rings or metal springs temporarily placed between back teeth, typically the molars. Their function is to gently push tightly aligned teeth apart over a short period, generally one to two weeks. This separation creates enough room for the orthodontist to comfortably fit metal bands, which serve as anchors for future braces or other appliances. Strict dietary restrictions are necessary during this phase to prevent the physical dislodgement of the spacer or to avoid causing unnecessary pain and soreness.
Avoiding Sticky and Chewy Foods
Sticky and chewy foods pose a risk because their adhesive quality creates a strong bond with the spacer. When the jaws move during chewing, the food stretches and pulls away, exerting a traction force directly onto the elastic ring or spring. This adhesion and traction can easily overcome the friction holding the spacer in position between the teeth. Avoid sticky candies, such as caramel, taffy, toffee, and licorice, which are notorious for their pulling power. Chewy foods like gummy bears, fruit snacks, dense breads, or bagels also generate the necessary force to physically lift the separator out of the space.
If a spacer is pulled out, the gap it created can begin to close almost immediately, potentially delaying the next stage of treatment. These foods require excessive chewing, which increases the time the appliance is under stress and the likelihood of it being accidentally pulled free. Chewing gum should be avoided completely, as the constant, repetitive motion and adhesive residue make it a primary culprit for spacer removal.
Avoiding Hard and Crunchy Foods
Hard and crunchy foods present a threat primarily through compression and fracturing forces. Biting down on something hard generates intense localized pressure that can crush the elastic or spring spacer. Foods like nuts, popcorn kernels, ice, and hard candies (such as peppermints or lollipops) can fracture the appliance or wedge it further into the sensitive gum tissue. This wedging action can cause sharp pain, which is an immediate sign of the spacer being compromised.
Even healthy foods like raw carrots, apples, and firm bread crusts must be avoided unless they are cut into very small, bite-sized pieces that require minimal force to chew. The sharp edges of fractured crunchy snacks, such as chips or pretzels, can also become lodged around the spacer. This continuous pressure can either break the spacer or forcibly push it out of the gap it maintains.
Safe Foods to Eat with Spacers
A spacer-safe diet focuses on soft, non-abrasive, and easily swallowed foods that require little forceful chewing. Dairy products like yogurt, pudding, and soft-serve ice cream provide satisfying texture without posing a risk of removal or damage. For meals, choose soft grains such as smooth oatmeal, well-cooked pasta, and rice, which can be swallowed easily.
Soft fruits and vegetables are excellent choices if prepared correctly, including mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes, applesauce, bananas, and blended smoothies. For protein, choose easily shredded or soft-cooked meats like meatloaf, soft fish, or scrambled eggs. These options minimize the need for a strong bite or grinding motion, ensuring the spacers remain undisturbed and the patient experiences less discomfort. Soups, particularly cream-based or pureed varieties, are also highly recommended as they provide nutrition without any chewing requirement.
Managing Discomfort and Lost Spacers
It is common to experience pressure, mild aching, or soreness for the first one to three days after the spacers are placed. This discomfort signals that the teeth are actively shifting to create the necessary space. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be taken as directed to manage this temporary soreness. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water can also help soothe irritated gum tissue surrounding the separators.
A spacer falling out is a possibility; it may indicate the device has successfully created enough space, or it may be a sign of dietary non-compliance. If a spacer is lost more than two days before the scheduled orthodontic appointment, the orthodontist must be contacted immediately. The space between the teeth can begin to close again within hours, potentially delaying the start of the full treatment if the spacer needs to be reinserted.