Orthodontic separators, commonly called spacers, are small elastic or metal rings temporarily placed between the back molars. Their purpose is to gently push the teeth apart, creating a small gap necessary for the later placement of metal bands that anchor the braces. Spacers must remain in place for several days, typically a week or two, to ensure proper seating of the bands. Since spacers are held only by tension and friction, adjusting your diet is necessary to prevent dislodgement during this temporary stage.
Sticky and Chewy Foods
Sticky and chewy foods pose a direct mechanical threat to separators due to their adhesive properties. Foods like caramel, taffy, and chewing gum exhibit high tackiness, sticking strongly to the molars and the separator itself. When the jaw opens, the forceful separation of the food mass exerts a tensile force on the spacer. This pulling action overcomes the minimal frictional grip the separator has, leading to its premature removal.
This dislodgement mechanism also applies to popular candies such as gummy bears and fruit chews, which require extended, repetitive chewing. The continuous stretching of these foods translates into sustained pulling on the spacer. Even soft breads, such as the dense interior of a fresh bagel or crusty rolls, can become highly compacted and sticky upon mastication. The resulting dense food bolus can easily adhere to and lift the elastic ring from its position between the molars.
Removing a spacer prematurely defeats its purpose of creating sufficient space for the orthodontic band. If a separator comes out more than 48 hours before the scheduled appointment, the gap can close rapidly. The orthodontist must often reinsert the separator, potentially extending the treatment time or causing increased discomfort during the band placement appointment.
Hard and Crunchy Foods
Hard and crunchy foods threaten separators through compressive force and rigidity. Foods such as nuts, ice cubes, and hard candies require substantial biting force to fracture them. When this force is applied directly over the separator, the rigid food item can act as a wedge, driving the elastic ring out of its narrow placement.
Popcorn is a particular concern, primarily due to the unpopped kernels. These small, extremely hard kernels can be inadvertently bitten, exerting intense pressure that can crush the spacer or force it deep into the gum tissue. Patients are advised to avoid all items that require a direct, forceful bite due to this risk of damage or displacement.
Even rigid foods like raw carrots and whole apples must be modified to prevent damage. Biting directly into a whole apple generates a shearing force across the back teeth capable of pushing the separator out. It is advisable to cut such foods into small, manageable pieces that can be chewed gently with the front teeth or side molars, minimizing impact on the separator. Similarly, brittle snack foods, including chips and hard pretzels, fracture sharply under bite pressure. The resulting fragments can become trapped between the teeth, potentially pulling or compressing the elastic separator out.
Safe Eating and Care Tips
Safe Food Choices
The temporary restrictions do not mean a restricted diet, as many nutritious foods remain safe to consume. Patients should focus on soft foods that require minimal chewing force and lack adhesive properties. Excellent choices include mashed potatoes, soft-cooked pasta, scrambled eggs, and well-steamed vegetables.
Dairy products like yogurt, soft cheeses, and puddings are also ideal because they pass easily through the teeth without snagging the separator. Smoothies and nutritional shakes are perfect alternatives for meals, providing complete nutrition without mechanical risk. The goal is to select items that can be gently mashed by the tongue or side teeth before swallowing.
Managing Discomfort
Some patients experience mild discomfort or soreness in the teeth and gums for the first day or two after spacer placement, which is a normal response to the applied pressure. This discomfort is managed effectively with over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. The soreness usually subsides once the space begins to open.
Hygiene Adjustments
Maintaining oral hygiene remains paramount, but the cleaning technique must be adjusted to protect the separators. Brushing should be done gently, especially around the back molars, to avoid catching the elastic with the toothbrush bristles. Flossing is strictly prohibited in the area where the separators are placed, as the floss strand will pull the elastic out.
Premature Dislodgement
If a spacer comes out prematurely, contact the orthodontist immediately. If the appointment is more than a day or two away, the orthodontist may require replacement, as the gap can close quickly. Never attempt to place the separator back into the mouth yourself, as this can cause irritation or improper seating.