A splinter is a fragment of foreign material, often wood, glass, or metal, that lodges under the outer layers of the skin. This small injury can cause discomfort and pain because the body views the object as an invader, often triggering an inflammatory response. While protruding splinters can be easily removed with sterilized tweezers, deeply embedded or tiny splinters require non-invasive strategies to coax them to the surface. The goal of at-home removal is to extract the entire object gently and cleanly to prevent infection.
Topical Remedies to Coax Splinters Out
One effective approach for splinters below the skin’s surface uses agents to draw the foreign object closer to the entry point. This method relies on osmosis, where certain solutes pull fluid to the surface of the skin. Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) can be used by dissolving about one cup into a warm bath or a small basin for a localized soak. Soaking the affected area for 10 to 30 minutes softens the skin and may cause swelling that pushes the splinter outward.
A concentrated paste made from baking soda and water works similarly by increasing osmotic pressure. Mix about one-quarter teaspoon of baking soda with a few drops of water until a thick paste forms. Apply the paste directly over the splinter site and cover it with a sterile bandage for up to 24 hours. The resulting swelling and softening often encourages the splinter to protrude, making it easy to grasp with tweezers.
Another method involves using Ichthammol Ointment, commonly known as black drawing salve. This over-the-counter ointment softens the skin’s surface, helping the body naturally expel the embedded object. Apply a small amount of the salve to the area and cover it with a gauze bandage, typically left in place for about a day. This technique is useful for splinters that are difficult to locate or are not responding to soaking.
Non-Invasive Techniques for Surface Splinters
Splinters that are very shallow, especially those that are fine or have a small end exposed, often respond well to physical extraction methods. Strong adhesive tape, such as duct tape or packing tape, can be used for shallow splinters like fiberglass strands or tiny plant stickers. Place the tape gently over the injury, press down lightly, and then quickly pull it off in the opposite direction the splinter entered the skin.
Another simple technique involves using non-toxic white craft glue, which works best for splinters that are partially sticking out. Apply a layer of the glue over the splinter and allow it to dry completely until it forms a solid film. When the dried glue is peeled away, the splinter adheres to the sticky material and is pulled out without causing further trauma.
If the entire splinter is just under the surface, a sterilized sewing needle can be used to gently expose the tip. Sterilize the needle with rubbing alcohol. Use it only to pierce the skin directly over one end of the splinter to lift the skin flap or coax the tip out. Once a small portion is visible, sterilized tweezers are used to pull it out smoothly in the direction it entered.
Ensuring Safety and Preventing Infection
Regardless of the removal method used, immediate aftercare is necessary to prevent infection. After the splinter is successfully extracted, thoroughly wash the site with soap and warm water. Apply an over-the-counter antiseptic ointment to protect against bacteria. The wound should then be covered with a sterile bandage to keep it clean while the skin heals.
Seek professional medical attention if the splinter cannot be removed after several attempts or if it is located in a sensitive area. This includes splinters embedded deep in the skin, those under a fingernail or toenail, or any foreign body near the eye. Medical care is also necessary if the material is glass, metal, or a fishhook, as these objects can cause complex injuries.
Monitor the site for signs of infection in the days following removal. Symptoms that warrant a doctor’s visit include increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or the presence of pus or yellow discharge. A tetanus booster may also be recommended if the wound was dirty and your last vaccination was more than five years ago.