Yeast infections, also known as candidiasis, are common fungal infections. They can become particularly prevalent during pregnancy, causing discomfort. Understanding the reasons for this increased susceptibility and safe treatment options is important for expectant mothers.
Understanding Yeast Infections in Pregnancy
Pregnant individuals often experience more frequent yeast infections due to significant hormonal shifts, specifically elevated estrogen levels, during pregnancy. Increased estrogen alters the vaginal environment by boosting glycogen production and changing the vaginal pH, creating conditions conducive to yeast overgrowth.
The fungus Candida albicans is the most common cause. It naturally resides in the vagina but can multiply when conditions are favorable. Symptoms include persistent itching, a burning sensation, redness or swelling of the vulva, and a thick, white vaginal discharge often described as resembling cottage cheese. Discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse may also occur.
Confirming the Diagnosis
Because yeast infection symptoms can resemble other vaginal conditions, an accurate medical diagnosis is necessary, especially during pregnancy. Conditions like bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections can present similarly, and self-treating without confirmation could delay proper care for a different, potentially more serious, issue.
A healthcare provider diagnoses a yeast infection through a pelvic examination and by taking a vaginal swab. This sample is examined under a microscope to identify yeast, confirming the infection. This ensures the correct treatment is prescribed, tailored to the specific cause of symptoms.
Approved Treatment Options
Topical antifungal medications are the primary recommended treatment for yeast infections in pregnant individuals due to their safety. Available as creams or vaginal suppositories, these medications contain active ingredients such as miconazole, clotrimazole, or terconazole. These topical treatments are minimally absorbed into the bloodstream, posing little risk to the developing baby.
Healthcare professionals often recommend a 7-day course of these topical treatments for pregnant women, as longer durations are more effective. Oral antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, are generally not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester. Studies suggest a potential link between oral fluconazole and an increased risk of miscarriage or birth defects, especially with higher doses. Oral medications are reserved for severe, persistent cases under strict medical supervision when benefits outweigh risks. Home remedies are not proven to cure yeast infections and should not replace medically approved treatments during pregnancy. For instance, douching can upset vaginal balance and is not recommended.
Preventing Future Infections
Adopting certain practices can help reduce the likelihood of recurrent yeast infections during pregnancy. Wearing breathable underwear, such as cotton, helps keep the genital area dry and allows air circulation, discouraging yeast growth. Avoiding tight-fitting clothing and promptly changing out of wet swimwear or sweaty exercise clothes minimizes moisture buildup.
Practicing good hygiene, including wiping front to back after using the restroom, prevents yeast spread from the anal area to the vagina. Avoid scented feminine products, douches, and harsh soaps, as these disrupt the vaginal flora’s natural balance. For individuals with diabetes, maintaining good blood sugar control is important, as high sugar levels contribute to yeast overgrowth.