An ocular ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed pictures of the eye and its surrounding structures. This procedure allows eye care professionals to visualize parts of the eye not visible during a routine eye examination. By emitting sound waves and detecting their reflections, the ultrasound device forms a comprehensive image. This method is painless and does not involve radiation exposure.
When an Eye Ultrasound is Performed
An eye ultrasound is often recommended when traditional methods of examining the eye’s internal structures are hindered. This commonly occurs when the eye’s clear media, such as the cornea, lens, or vitreous, become opaque. Dense cataracts or corneal opacities can block the view to the back of the eye. Significant bleeding within the eye, known as vitreous hemorrhage, also obscures the view, necessitating an ultrasound.
The procedure is also valuable when direct examination is challenging due to trauma or other conditions. An ophthalmologist may order an eye ultrasound to gain information about the eye’s health when other diagnostic approaches are insufficient. This technique evaluates various intraocular disorders, whether the ocular media is clear or opaque.
Detecting Conditions of the Retina and Vitreous
Ocular ultrasound is particularly useful for diagnosing a range of conditions affecting the retina and vitreous humor, especially when the view is obstructed. It effectively identifies retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina separates from its underlying support tissue. On ultrasound, a retinal detachment typically appears as a mobile, echogenic membrane that may be tethered to the optic nerve if large.
The technique can also reveal retinal tears, which can precede or accompany a detachment. Vitreous hemorrhage, or bleeding into the vitreous gel, is another condition readily detected, appearing as echogenic material that may swirl with eye movement. The appearance of vitreous hemorrhage on ultrasound can vary based on its severity and age.
Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), where the vitreous gel pulls away from the retina, can also be identified. Unlike a retinal detachment, a PVD typically presents as a thinner, linear structure that moves more freely and is not firmly attached to the optic disc. Ultrasound can further assist in detecting inflammation or infections impacting these structures, such as uveitis.
Identifying Ocular Tumors and Masses
Eye ultrasound detects and characterizes various tumors and masses within the eye. It identifies both benign and malignant growths, providing details about their size, shape, and location. Choroidal melanoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, can be visualized and measured. The technique assesses the tumor’s internal structure and vascularity, aiding in determining its aggressiveness.
Retinoblastoma, a childhood eye cancer, is frequently evaluated with ultrasound, which highlights characteristic calcium deposits. Ultrasound allows doctors to measure the tumor’s dimensions and assess its scope for treatment planning. Metastatic lesions, cancers spread to the eye from other parts of the body, can also be identified through specific features. This modality is valuable for monitoring tumor progression and treatment response.
Locating Foreign Bodies and Assessing Trauma
Ocular ultrasound is highly effective in emergency and trauma situations, especially when direct visualization is compromised. It precisely detects and localizes intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs), such as fragments of metal or glass, which might be otherwise invisible. These foreign bodies typically appear as bright, hyperechoic signals.
The technique also assesses the extent of damage following eye trauma. It can identify conditions like globe rupture, showing changes in the eye’s normal spherical shape or internal bleeding. Dislocated lenses or severe internal bleeding can also be visualized when vision is obscured. The non-invasive nature and speed of ultrasound make it suitable for quickly assessing acute eye injuries.