Niger seed, also known as nyjer, is a small, dark-colored seed derived from the Guizotia abyssinica plant, native to the Ethiopian Highlands. This seed has gained popularity among bird enthusiasts due to its appeal to certain species. While sometimes mistakenly called “thistle seed” due to its similar appearance, niger seed is botanically distinct. Its increasing use in backyard bird feeding highlights its role in attracting a diverse array of feathered visitors.
Birds Attracted to Niger Seed
Niger seed is particularly attractive to a variety of small, acrobatic birds, primarily those within the finch family. The American Goldfinch is perhaps the most prominent visitor, with its vibrant yellow plumage often seen at niger feeders. Their pointed beaks are ideally suited for extracting the tiny seeds from specialized feeders, and they often display acrobatic feeding behaviors.
Lesser Goldfinches also readily consume niger seed, sharing similar feeding adaptations and preferences. Pine Siskins are another common sight, recognizable by their streaky brown appearance and yellow wing markings. These nomadic finches frequently visit feeders in groups, demonstrating a social nature while feeding. Pine Siskins have a strong appetite for niger, especially during their irruptive movements into southern and eastern North America.
Common Redpolls, small streaked birds with a distinctive red cap, are also highly attracted to niger seed, particularly during winter months when they need sustained energy. Other finch species, such as House Finches, Purple Finches, and Greenfinches, may also visit niger feeders, finding the small seeds appealing and easy to consume.
Nutritional Appeal of Niger Seed
Birds are drawn to niger seed due to its rich nutritional composition, providing essential energy and protein. The seed contains a high oil content, typically 30% to 40%, making it an excellent source of fat for quick energy. This high fat content is especially beneficial during colder months, when birds require extra calories to maintain body heat.
Niger seed also offers substantial protein, ranging from 18% to 24%. This protein supports muscle repair and growth, particularly important for birds during molting season when they are regenerating feathers. The small size of niger seeds makes them easy for small-billed birds to handle and consume, ensuring efficient nutrient intake. Its concentrated energy and protein make niger seed a valuable food source for numerous small bird species.
Optimal Niger Seed Feeding
Providing niger seed effectively requires specialized feeders designed for its small size and fine texture. Tube feeders with tiny feeding ports or mesh “thistle socks” are ideal, as they prevent waste and allow small-billed birds to extract the seeds efficiently. These designs minimize spillage, ensuring the seed is consumed by the intended bird species.
Feeder placement also plays a role in attracting birds and ensuring their safety. Placing feeders in quiet, sheltered areas, possibly near cover, helps birds feel secure while feeding. The location should also deter predators. Regularly cleaning niger seed feeders is important to prevent the buildup of mold and bacteria, which can be harmful to birds. Feeders should be cleaned at least every two to four weeks, using a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water, followed by thorough rinsing and complete air drying.
Proper storage of niger seed is also necessary to maintain its freshness and nutritional value. The seed should be kept in a cool, dry place within airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption and pest contamination. While niger seed can last for several months, using it within approximately five months of purchase helps ensure it remains fresh and appealing to birds. For longer storage, refrigeration or freezing can extend its shelf life.