Mealworms, the larval form of the darkling beetle (Tenebrio molitor), have become a widely recognized food source for wild birds. These readily available invertebrates offer a convenient and appealing snack for many backyard species. Their popularity stems from their ease of storage and the high energy they provide to birds.
Which Birds Enjoy Mealworms?
Many common backyard bird species readily consume mealworms, especially insectivores. Robins, bluebirds, wrens, chickadees, titmice, nuthatches, and various woodpeckers are frequently drawn to them. Ground feeders like American Robins and Song Thrushes often take to mealworms. Smaller species such as Blue Tits, Great Tits, and House Sparrows also accept this food. Even larger birds like Starlings and Cardinals have been observed enjoying them.
Nutritional Benefits for Birds
Mealworms offer a concentrated source of nutrients beneficial to birds, particularly high levels of protein and fat. Live mealworms are approximately 50% protein and 50% water, while dried mealworms contain around 53% protein and 28% fat. This rich composition provides essential energy for daily activities, feather growth during molting, and warmth during colder months.
These nutrients are important during nesting season, as adult birds require extra energy for raising their young. However, mealworms should be offered as a supplement rather than a complete diet. They are notably low in calcium, which can lead to deficiencies if fed exclusively. To help balance this, mealworms can be dusted with calcium carbonate powder, or offered alongside other calcium-rich bird foods.
Best Practices for Feeding Mealworms
Both live and dried mealworms can be offered. Live mealworms are often more appealing to birds due to their movement and higher moisture content, which is beneficial, especially for nestlings. Dried mealworms are convenient for storage and can be rehydrated by soaking them in warm water for 30 minutes to an hour, making them softer and more palatable.
Feeders should prevent mealworms from escaping while allowing birds easy access. Shallow dishes, platform feeders, or specialized mealworm feeders with smooth, high sides (at least 2 inches deep) are recommended. Caged feeders can deter larger birds like Starlings, ensuring smaller species get access. Placing feeders near natural cover or existing bird feeders can encourage birds to discover this new food source.
Offer mealworms in limited quantities. For instance, a pair of bluebirds with nestlings might consume around 100 mealworms per day, typically offered once or twice daily. This prevents waste and discourages pests. Regular cleaning of feeders with mild soap and water is important to maintain hygiene and prevent disease. Mealworms can be purchased from pet stores or online suppliers, or enthusiasts can raise their own for a continuous supply.