Feeding backyard birds often results in inadvertently feeding squirrels, leading to frustration as these rodents consume large amounts of expensive seed. Squirrels quickly monopolize a feeder filled with their preferred foods, leaving little for the intended avian visitors. Finding a solution involves a two-pronged strategy: choosing seeds squirrels generally avoid and implementing physical deterrents to maintain a bird feeder that primarily serves your feathered friends.
The Seeds Squirrels Actively Avoid
Safflower seed is a primary choice for discouraging squirrels due to its distinct taste profile. The seed possesses a slightly bitter flavor that is generally unappealing to squirrels. Cardinals, chickadees, and finches, however, readily consume safflower, which is also high in beneficial protein and fat.
Another effective option is Nyjer seed, often called thistle seed, which is favored by finches like American Goldfinches. Squirrels typically ignore Nyjer seed because the kernels are extremely small and difficult for them to handle efficiently. The specialized feeders required for this tiny, oil-rich seed further complicate access.
White proso millet, a small, light-colored seed, is another ingredient squirrels tend to leave alone. This seed is a favorite among ground-feeding birds, such as juncos and doves. Millet lacks the high-calorie appeal that makes other seeds attractive to squirrels.
Understanding Squirrel Palates
A squirrel’s preference for certain seeds is rooted in its biological need for high-energy food sources. Seeds like black oil sunflower and cracked corn are highly desirable because they offer a concentrated source of fat and calories necessary for survival, especially during colder months. Squirrels are mammals, and their keen senses guide them toward these calorically dense options.
The seeds squirrels avoid, like safflower, do not trigger the same rewarding taste response. Safflower’s bitterness is perceived by the squirrel’s taste receptors, making it a less palatable choice compared to sweeter, fattier alternatives. This difference in taste perception shifts their foraging focus away from the bird feeder.
Non-Seed Deterrents
Beyond seed selection, utilizing capsaicin, the compound responsible for the heat in chili peppers, is an effective deterrent. Birds do not possess the nerve receptors that react to capsaicin, meaning they can consume seed coated with hot pepper products without adverse effect. Squirrels, however, are strongly repelled by the intense flavor and burning sensation capsaicin causes, leading them to quickly abandon the feeder. Commercial products ranging from pepper-infused suet to liquid seed coatings are widely available.
Feeder Placement and Baffles
Feeder placement is another physical tactic that prevents squirrels from reaching the seed. Feeders should be mounted on a smooth metal pole at least six feet high and positioned a minimum of eight to ten feet away from any potential launching point, such as trees or fences. Maintaining this clear perimeter is important because squirrels are capable of impressive horizontal leaps.
The addition of a squirrel baffle creates a physical barrier that prevents climbing. These dome or cone-shaped devices should be installed on the pole approximately four to five feet above the ground. When properly mounted, the baffle’s slippery, unstable surface causes the squirrel to lose its grip and fall off before reaching the feeder.
Weight-Sensitive Feeders
Weight-sensitive feeders offer a mechanical solution by using the squirrel’s own body weight against it. These feeders are calibrated to remain open for light birds but will automatically close the feeding ports or collapse the perches when a heavier animal attempts to land. This technology limits a squirrel’s access to the food source.