The term “cock” refers to a male bird, particularly in certain species. Its usage often prompts questions due to its various connotations in modern language. This article explores the primary definition of “cock” in birds, provides examples of species where it is commonly used, and discusses other distinct terms for male birds.
The Primary Meaning of “Cock” in Birds
“Cock” denotes the adult male of various bird species. Its most recognized application is to the male domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, commonly known as a chicken. In American English, “rooster” became a more prevalent alternative for a male chicken, largely to avoid other connotations of “cock.” In contrast, “cock” remains the common term in British English for a male chicken.
A younger male chicken is often called a cockerel. The term “cock” differentiates the bird’s sex, with the female counterpart typically referred to as a “hen.”
Common Birds Where “Cock” is Used
Beyond the domestic chicken, “cock” is incorporated into the names of several other bird species to identify the male. A prominent example is the peacock, the male of the peafowl species, known for its elaborate, iridescent tail feathers used in courtship displays. The female is a peahen. Another instance is the turkey cock, the male turkey, which often exhibits larger size, more vibrant plumage, and distinctive vocalizations compared to the female.
The term also appears in the names of certain game birds. For example, the male woodcock is referred to as a woodcock, while the male grouse in some dialects is known as a moorcock or a “cock of the woods.” These male birds often possess unique physical attributes, such as colorful wattles, specialized feathers, or larger body mass, distinguishing them from females and highlighting their role in breeding displays or territorial behaviors.
Beyond “Cock”: Other Names for Male Birds
While “cock” applies to many male birds, avian terminology includes specific names for males of different species. A male duck is known as a “drake,” often displaying more colorful plumage than female ducks (hens), especially during breeding season. A male goose is called a “gander,” which is typically larger than female geese and can be quite territorial, especially when guarding nests. For swans, the male is referred to as a “cob,” while the female is a “pen.” The male ostrich is sometimes referred to as a “stag,” a term more commonly associated with male deer, highlighting its large size and powerful stature.