Birds with red on their heads are some of the most striking and frequently noticed species across North America. This coloration, which can range from a full crimson hood to a subtle rosy wash, serves biological purposes, including attracting mates and signaling territory to rivals. The precise shade and location of the red plumage vary significantly between species, leading to frequent confusion for the casual observer. Understanding the specific patterns of this red marking, along with the bird’s size and behavior, is the best way to move toward positive identification.
The Iconic Red-Headed Woodpecker
The bird whose name most directly answers the query is the Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), instantly recognizable by its bold plumage. Unlike other woodpeckers where red is limited to a cap or patch, the adult features an entirely crimson head, covering the face, crown, and throat like a complete hood. This striking red contrasts sharply with a snow-white breast and underparts, and an inky black back and wings, creating a distinctive “flying checkerboard” appearance.
This medium-sized woodpecker, about the size of a robin, is one of the few that catches insects in mid-air, a technique called fly-catching. It is highly omnivorous, relying heavily on nuts and fruits, which it caches in tree crevices or under bark for later consumption. The Red-headed Woodpecker prefers open habitats, such as pine savannas, open woodlands, and orchards.
Large Birds with Prominent Red Crests
While the Red-headed Woodpecker has an entirely red head, other large species feature red coloration concentrated in a prominent crest or on the nape. The Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) is a much larger bird, closer to the size of a crow, known for its dramatic, bright red, pointed crest. This crest extends from the forehead over the crown and nape, contrasting with its mostly black body and white stripes on the face and neck.
Another large woodpecker noted for a red marking is the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), which is typically brown with black bars and spots. Eastern populations, known as the Yellow-shafted Flicker, have a distinct red crescent on the nape. Male Northern Flickers also display a black or red “mustache” stripe depending on the region. The Northern Flicker is unique among North American woodpeckers for spending significant time foraging on the ground for ants and other insects.
Small Songbirds with Red Faces and Crowns
The red-headed description also applies to several common, smaller passerine species often seen at backyard feeders. The male House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) is a small, streaky brown bird that displays red plumage concentrated around the face, throat, and upper chest. The intensity of this red can vary from bright crimson to yellowish-orange, a variation often linked to the pigments available in the bird’s diet. The rest of the body has distinct brown streaking, particularly on the flanks and belly.
The male Purple Finch (Haemorhous purpureus) is often confused with the House Finch, but its coloration is a more uniform, rosy or raspberry-red wash. This red coloration is more widespread, dusting the head, breast, and back, and the bird lacks the heavy streaking of the House Finch. Purple Finches are slightly larger and have a chunkier build with a more robust bill. These songbirds primarily feed on seeds, buds, and nectar.
Behavioral Clues for Precise Identification
Beyond plumage patterns, observing a bird’s behavior, habitat, and vocalizations offers strong evidence for precise identification. The habitat immediately narrows the possibilities; for instance, a bird clinging to a vertical tree trunk in an open woodlot suggests a woodpecker. Conversely, a small bird feeding communally on the ground or at a hanging seed feeder is characteristic of a finch species.
The mode of movement is also telling, as woodpeckers typically have an undulating, roller-coaster-like flight pattern when flying long distances. Hearing a loud, harsh “queeah” call or the sound of drumming on wood or metal often signals the presence of a woodpecker, which uses drumming for communication and territorial defense. Finches, by contrast, are recognized by their melodious, warbling songs and chirping calls, often heard in rapid succession in suburban areas. Observing the foraging style, such as a Northern Flicker probing the ground for ants or a Red-headed Woodpecker catching an insect in the air, provides a final detail for accurate identification.