Wisconsin’s diverse landscapes are home to various wildlife, and a frequent question concerns the bears that inhabit the state. This article provides detailed information about the state’s bear population, covering their identity, characteristics, habitat, and guidelines for safe coexistence.
The American Black Bear in Wisconsin
The American Black Bear, Ursus americanus, is the sole bear species found in Wisconsin. This native mammal is widespread, particularly in forested regions, and its population has seen significant growth over recent decades. It is the most common and smallest bear species in North America.
Historically, the black bear population in Wisconsin has fluctuated, but it has steadily increased since the mid-1980s. In 1989, the estimated population was around 9,000 bears, which has since grown to over 24,000.
Key Characteristics of Wisconsin Black Bears
Wisconsin black bears typically exhibit a glossy black coat, though some individuals may have brown or cinnamon fur. Approximately 25% of the bears also display irregular white markings on their chests. Adult males generally weigh between 250-350 pounds and measure 47-70 inches long, while females are smaller, weighing 120-180 pounds and reaching 50-58 inches in length. These bears walk on the soles of their feet and possess five toes with non-retractable claws useful for climbing and foraging.
Black bears are omnivorous, meaning their diet consists of both plant and animal matter. They forage for vegetation, berries, nuts, insects, carrion, or small mammals. During winter, black bears enter a state of deep winter sleep, or torpor, rather than true hibernation. While in their dens, often found in hollow trees, brush piles, or excavated holes, they do not eat, drink, or excrete, surviving on fat reserves built during warmer months.
Black Bear Habitat and Distribution
Black bears in Wisconsin prefer extensive forested areas, often interspersed with swamps and streams. Historically, their primary range was concentrated in the northern third of the state. With a growing population and suitable habitat, their distribution has expanded.
Bears are now increasingly common in central and southern Wisconsin, adapting to various environments where food sources are available. They seek areas with dense cover for protection and forage, including wet meadows and wooded farmland. This expansion means that encounters can occur in areas previously not considered typical “bear country.”
Living Safely Alongside Black Bears
Coexisting with black bears involves understanding their behaviors and taking preventative measures to avoid attracting them. Securing food sources is important, as bears have an exceptional sense of smell. This includes keeping garbage cans tightly closed, preferably indoors, and cleaning outdoor grills after use. Pet food should be stored indoors, especially at night, and bird feeders should be removed during warmer months when bears are active, or hung in a way that makes them inaccessible.
If an encounter occurs, remain calm and avoid running, as bears can run over 30 miles per hour. Instead, make yourself appear large by waving your arms and making loud noises, such as yelling or clanging pots and pans, to encourage the bear to leave. Always ensure the bear has a clear escape path and never approach a bear, especially a female with cubs. If a bear becomes aggressive or causes recurring issues, contact the U.S. Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services.