White spots in the throat can signal an underlying health issue. These spots vary in appearance, from small dots to larger patches or streaks. While some causes are minor and resolve on their own, others require medical attention. Understanding their potential origins helps determine the appropriate course of action.
Common Causes of White Spots
Strep throat, or streptococcal pharyngitis, is a common bacterial infection. It often presents with white streaks or patches on the tonsils and a red, inflamed throat. Symptoms typically include a sudden sore throat, pain when swallowing, and a fever, without a cough.
Oral thrush, or oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans yeast. It manifests as creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, or back of the throat. These lesions may resemble cottage cheese and can often be scraped off, revealing a red, inflamed area underneath. People with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible.
Tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils, frequently leads to white spots or pus on swollen, red tonsils. This infection can be caused by viruses or bacteria, with symptoms often including a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and tender lymph nodes in the neck. The white spots are often pockets of pus, indicating an active infection.
Mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can result in white patches on the tonsils, similar to those seen in strep throat. This viral infection is characterized by extreme fatigue, a severe sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits. The white patches are typically exudates that form on the inflamed tonsils.
Canker sores, or aphthous ulcers, are small, painful sores that can develop anywhere in the mouth, including the throat. They typically appear as round or oval lesions with a white or yellowish center and a red border. They are not contagious and often resolve within one to two weeks, though they can cause discomfort, especially during eating or swallowing.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While some white spots in the throat may resolve on their own, certain symptoms warrant a consultation with a healthcare professional. Severe pain or significant difficulty swallowing and breathing indicates a need for prompt medical evaluation, as these could suggest a serious infection or an airway obstruction.
A high fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C) accompanying white spots should also prompt a doctor’s visit. White spots that persist for more than a few days without improvement, or worsen, may require professional diagnosis. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, especially if tender, are another indicator that medical attention might be beneficial.
A rash or generalized body aches alongside throat symptoms could suggest a systemic infection, such as mononucleosis or scarlet fever (a complication of strep throat). Individuals with a weakened immune system should seek medical advice promptly. Signs of dehydration, such as reduced urination or excessive thirst, also necessitate a doctor’s visit.
What to Expect at the Doctor’s Office
When you visit a doctor for white spots in your throat, the process typically begins with a physical examination. The doctor will examine your throat, tonsils, and tongue, and may feel your neck for swollen lymph nodes. Several diagnostic tests may be performed to determine the cause.
A rapid strep test, involving a throat swab, can quickly identify a bacterial strep infection. If the rapid test is negative but strep throat is suspected, a throat swab culture may be sent for more definitive results. Blood tests, such as a monospot test, can help diagnose mononucleosis.
Treatment approaches vary depending on the underlying cause. Bacterial infections, such as strep throat, are typically treated with antibiotics. Fungal infections like oral thrush often respond to antifungal medications.
Viral infections, including mononucleosis, do not respond to antibiotics; treatment focuses on supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and pain relief. It is important to complete the entire course of any prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated. For symptomatic relief, warm liquids, throat lozenges, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort.