The term “bell flower” is a common name for plants that produce flowers with a distinctive, cup or bell-like shape, technically known as campanulate. This descriptive name is reflected in the botanical genus Campanula, which is derived from the Latin word campana, meaning “little bell.” White bell flowers appear across hundreds of species in various plant families. They are best categorized by their growth habit, ranging from low ground covers to towering spires and woody shrubs.
Small and Ground-Cover Varieties
White bell flowers that stay low to the ground are often some of the first to appear in spring. The common Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) is a classic example, standing only about 3 to 6 inches tall with a single, pendulous white bell on a leafless stalk. These flowers are distinguished by inner segments that are shorter than the outer three and typically marked with a green V-shape. Lily of the Valley (Convallaria majalis) is another familiar low-growing option, producing small, fragrant, nodding white bells along an arching stem.
The Carpathian Bellflower (Campanula carpatica) provides a bright, dense carpet for a slightly taller ground cover. Cultivars like ‘White Clips’ grow 6 to 12 inches high, forming mounds of foliage covered in pristine, upward-facing, cup-shaped blossoms. This perennial thrives in full sun to partial shade and is commonly used in rock gardens and along borders. It is perfect for adding white accents to the front of a planting bed or naturalizing under deciduous trees.
Tall Spiked and Upright Varieties
Several white bell flowers grow on tall, upright stalks, providing vertical interest. The Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a prominent border plant that sends up spires, often reaching 3 to 5 feet, covered in densely packed, tubular flowers. The Wide-leaved Bellflower (Campanula latifolia) is another option, a sturdy perennial capable of reaching 4 to 5 feet. It bears large white bells along a strong, upright stem, creating a strong focal point in a garden bed.
Gardeners should exercise caution when planting Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). This plant contains potent cardiac glycosides, including digitalin, which makes all parts highly toxic if ingested. Always wear gloves when handling this plant, and ensure it is placed away from children and pets.
Vining, Shrub, and Shade Varieties
The campanulate shape appears on woody shrubs and vining plants. The Japanese Pieris (Pieris japonica) is a popular evergreen shrub that produces elegant, drooping clusters of small, fragrant white flowers. These blossoms are urn-shaped, a variation on the bell form, and appear in early spring, often contrasting with the glossy, dark green foliage. This shrub typically grows to a mature height of 4 to 8 feet and prefers acidic soil.
Certain varieties of Clematis are excellent choices for a climbing white bell flower, such as the vigorous Sweet Autumn Clematis (Clematis terniflora). This vine is covered in small, star-like white flowers that resemble tiny bells. In shaded garden areas, the classic Solomon’s Seal (Polygonatum multiflorum) provides a unique, arching display. This plant carries small, dangling white bells suspended beneath its large leaves, thriving where many other flowering plants struggle.