The term “waterdog” refers to two distinct groups of animals, often causing confusion for many. This article clarifies the usage of this term by exploring both the aquatic salamanders known as waterdogs and the specific dog breeds developed for water-related tasks. Understanding their unique characteristics and historical roles will provide a clearer picture of each.
Amphibian Waterdogs
Amphibian waterdogs primarily refer to species within the genus Necturus, particularly the common mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). These are fully aquatic salamanders that exhibit neoteny or paedomorphosis, meaning they retain larval characteristics, such as external gills, throughout their adult lives. They remain in water for their entire lifespan.
These salamanders possess prominent, feathery external gills that are typically reddish or burgundy in color. Their bodies are generally rusty brown or gray with varying patterns of blue-black spots. They have broad, flattened heads with small eyes, a flattened tail for movement, and four toes on each of their short, robust limbs.
Mudpuppies typically range from 8 to 16 inches in length, though some specimens can reach up to 20 inches. They inhabit a variety of aquatic environments across eastern North America, including lakes, rivers, streams, and ponds, often hiding under rocks or submerged debris during the day. These nocturnal creatures primarily feed on insects, mollusks, crayfish, and small fish.
Canine Waterdogs
Canine “waterdogs” refer to a group of dog breeds developed for work in and around water. These breeds share common characteristics that equip them for aquatic tasks, such as dense, water-resistant coats and often webbed feet. Their strong swimming abilities and intelligent, eager-to-please temperaments made them valuable partners for fishermen and hunters.
The Portuguese Water Dog, originating from Portugal’s Algarve region, was historically used by fishermen to herd fish into nets, retrieve lost tackle, and act as couriers. This medium-sized breed possesses a water-resistant double coat that can be wavy or curly. Known for their intelligence and loyalty, they are highly trainable and enjoy being active companions.
The Spanish Water Dog, a versatile breed from Spain, was used for herding livestock, hunting, and various water-related tasks. They are characterized by a dense, curly, woolly coat that can form cords. These dogs are highly energetic, intelligent, and loyal, adapting well to active lifestyles.
The Lagotto Romagnolo, an ancient Italian breed, was originally a water retriever used for duck hunting in the marshlands of Romagna. After the draining of these marshlands, their keen sense of smell led them to become specialized truffle hunters. They have a thick, woolly, water-resistant curly coat and often possess webbing between their toes, enhancing their swimming prowess.
The Term’s Historical Context
The shared nomenclature of “waterdog” for both an amphibian and certain dog breeds stems from their common association with aquatic environments. This dual usage reflects historical observations and practical applications. The amphibian “waterdog” likely received its name due to a perceived similarity in sound or appearance.
The common mudpuppy is thought to have earned the “dog” part of its name from a squeaking or grunting sound it can produce, which some listeners liken to a dog’s bark. In parts of the southern United States, various species of Necturus are referred to as “waterdogs.”
For canines, the term “water dog” directly relates to their historical purpose and abilities. These breeds were extensively used for retrieving waterfowl during hunts or assisting fishermen with tasks in the water. Mariners and hunters relied on these dogs to retrieve objects and game from aquatic settings. The term thus became a descriptive label for dogs adept at working in water.