The concept of “walking trees” often sparks curiosity, suggesting a hidden dynamism in the plant kingdom. This idea departs from the stationary existence typically associated with trees. Understanding this phenomenon requires a closer look at the specific trees involved and the scientific reality behind their unique characteristics.
The Palm Tree Behind the Myth
The tree primarily responsible for the “walking tree” myth is Socratea exorrhiza, commonly known as the walking palm or cashapona. This distinctive palm is native to the rainforests of tropical Central and South America, including countries like Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica. It typically grows 15 to 25 meters tall with a relatively slender trunk. A striking feature is its prominent stilt or prop roots, which emerge several feet above the ground from the base of the trunk. These roots can extend up to 3 meters long, giving the tree the appearance of standing on multiple legs. This unusual root structure has largely fueled the popular belief that the tree can move.
The Appearance of Movement
The illusion of movement arises from a specific pattern of root growth and decay. New stilt roots grow from the trunk, extending outwards and anchoring in new soil locations. Concurrently, older roots on the opposite side may decay and lift from the ground. This differential growth creates the perception that the tree is slowly shifting its position. Observers might interpret this gradual process as the tree repositioning itself, perhaps towards better sunlight or more stable ground. This visual dynamic has contributed to the persistent popular narrative.
Scientific Reality of Movement
Despite the compelling visual appearance, the idea of Socratea exorrhiza actively “walking” or engaging in locomotion is not supported by scientific evidence. While the roots are dynamic, constantly growing and decaying, the tree’s main trunk remains fixed at its original germination point. Any perceived movement is an extremely slow process, resulting from environmental responses rather than active, directed relocation.
Biologist Gerardo Avalos, a leading expert on Socratea exorrhiza, has extensively studied the palm and concluded that it does not walk. The notion that the tree can move several centimeters per day or up to 20 meters annually, as some anecdotes suggest, is a myth. Trees lack the biological mechanisms necessary for true locomotion, and their roots primarily provide stability.
The True Purpose of Prop Roots
If not for walking, the stilt roots of Socratea exorrhiza serve several important biological functions. These roots provide enhanced structural stability, particularly in the often unstable, shallow, or waterlogged soils of rainforest environments. They help anchor the tall palm, preventing it from toppling over in strong winds or on soft ground.
The stilt roots also allow the palm to invest less biomass in underground root structures compared to other trees, dedicating more energy to vertical growth. This strategy can enable the tree to grow taller and reach canopy light more efficiently without needing a thicker trunk. Additionally, some hypotheses suggest these roots may also help the tree right itself if knocked over by falling debris or adapt to changes in soil level.