The neck area often reveals visible signs of aging, and vertical neck bands are a distinct and common concern. Understanding their formation and available treatment options can help individuals address their appearance.
Anatomy and Appearance of Vertical Neck Bands
Vertical neck bands appear as prominent, rope-like cords that run lengthwise down the front of the neck. These bands are not merely skin folds but are caused by the underlying platysma muscle. The platysma is a broad, thin, and superficial sheet-like muscle located just beneath the skin. It originates from the fascia covering the upper chest and shoulder muscles, ascending obliquely to insert into the jawline, lower face skin, and muscles around the mouth.
This muscle plays a role in facial expressions, such as depressing the lower lip and mouth corners, and aiding in jaw depression. When the platysma contracts, it can create a slight wrinkling of the neck skin and a noticeable “bowstring” effect on either side. As the muscle weakens or separates, its contraction can pull on the overlying skin, making these vertical bands more visible. This is distinct from horizontal neck lines, which are typically fine creases caused by repeated neck bending or skin dehydration.
Why Vertical Neck Bands Form
Several factors contribute to the development and prominence of vertical neck bands. Aging is a primary cause, leading to a natural weakening and laxity of the platysma muscle itself. Alongside muscular changes, the skin’s natural aging process results in a decline in elasticity, collagen, and elastin production, which further contributes to sagging and makes the underlying muscle more apparent. A reduction or redistribution of fat in the neck area can also make the bands more visible.
Repetitive muscle contractions also play a role in their formation. Daily activities such as talking, eating, and various facial expressions constantly engage the platysma muscle. Over time, this frequent use can exacerbate the visibility of the bands. Genetic predispositions can also influence when and how prominently vertical neck bands appear.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Vertical Neck Bands
For those seeking less invasive options, neurotoxin injections, such as BOTOX Cosmetic, are a common non-surgical treatment for vertical neck bands. These injections work by temporarily relaxing the platysma muscle, which reduces its activity and smooths the appearance of the bands. BOTOX Cosmetic is FDA-approved for temporarily improving the look of moderate to severe vertical bands connecting the jaw and neck. Results typically become visible within a few days and can last approximately three to six months, with minimal downtime required after the procedure.
Dermal fillers can also be used to address vertical neck bands by adding volume to the surrounding areas, which helps to camouflage the bands. These injectable solutions can fill in depressions and stimulate collagen production, improving the overall neck aesthetic. The effects of dermal fillers can last between six months to two years. Additionally, energy-based devices, such as radiofrequency and ultrasound, are sometimes employed to tighten the skin by stimulating collagen production, offering a supportive role. It is important to note that these non-surgical treatments offer temporary improvements and typically require repeat sessions to maintain results.
Surgical Solutions for Vertical Neck Bands
For more significant or lasting correction of vertical neck bands, surgical options are available. Platysmaplasty is the primary surgical procedure specifically designed to address these bands. This procedure involves surgically tightening and sometimes excising portions of the platysma muscle. A common technique, known as corset platysmaplasty, involves suturing the two sides of the platysma muscle together, often performed through a small incision made beneath the chin.
Platysmaplasty is frequently performed as part of a broader neck lift or lower facelift to achieve comprehensive rejuvenation of the neck and lower face. These surgical interventions aim to provide more permanent results by improving the contour and definition of the neck and jawline. While offering long-lasting improvements, surgical procedures are more invasive and involve a recovery period compared to non-surgical treatments.