Exemestane, commonly known by its brand name Aromasin, is a medication prescribed for postmenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. This oral therapy functions as an aromatase inhibitor, a class of drugs that reduce the body’s estrogen levels. By decreasing estrogen, exemestane works to slow or reverse the growth of tumors that rely on this hormone for their development.
Common Side Effects of Exemestane
Exemestane often causes side effects that can impact daily life. Hot flashes are a frequently reported symptom, causing sudden sensations of warmth, sweating, and skin reddening. These occurrences result from the medication’s action in lowering estrogen, mimicking menopausal symptoms.
Joint pain and stiffness are also common, affecting areas like the hands, wrists, knees, and ankles. This discomfort can begin around six weeks after starting treatment and may persist, sometimes affecting mobility and daily activities. Fatigue, ranging from mild to significant exhaustion, is another common side effect.
Other common side effects include headaches, which can vary in intensity, and insomnia, leading to difficulty falling or staying asleep. Nausea and vomiting can also occur, though these gastrointestinal issues are often manageable. Hair thinning has been reported by some patients, along with increased sweating.
Severe and Less Common Side Effects of Exemestane
Exemestane can also cause severe or less common side effects. A concern with long-term use is bone density loss, potentially leading to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. Estrogen plays a role in maintaining bone strength, so its reduction can make bones more fragile.
Cardiovascular issues, while less common, can also arise, including increased cholesterol levels. In rare instances, more serious heart problems have been reported, with a higher risk observed in individuals taking the medication for over four years or those over 75 years of age. Regular monitoring of cholesterol and other cardiovascular indicators is recommended.
Exemestane may also cause elevations in liver enzymes, indicating potential liver changes. Blood tests are conducted to monitor liver function. Mood disturbances, such as depression and anxiety, are also possible psychological side effects, as hormonal fluctuations can impact mental well-being.
Carpal tunnel syndrome, characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands, is another less common side effect. Other effects include a drop in platelet count, which can lead to bruising or bleeding gums, and skin problems such as hives or itching.
Strategies for Managing Exemestane Side Effects
Managing the side effects of exemestane often involves lifestyle adjustments and medical interventions. For joint pain and fatigue, regular physical activity can help improve joint mobility and reduce discomfort. Maintaining a healthy weight can also lessen pressure on joints.
Dietary modifications can address certain side effects; for instance, a balanced diet can help manage cholesterol levels. To mitigate bone density loss, healthcare providers may recommend calcium and vitamin D supplements, along with a diet rich in these nutrients. Over-the-counter remedies may provide relief for symptoms like headaches or mild nausea.
Non-pharmacological approaches, such as stress reduction techniques, can be beneficial for mood disturbances and insomnia. Patients should discuss any side effects with their healthcare provider before implementing new management strategies or making changes to their treatment plan. This communication allows for personalized advice and adjustments.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Exemestane Side Effects
Certain symptoms experienced while taking exemestane require immediate medical consultation or emergency care. Severe chest pain or sudden shortness of breath should prompt immediate medical attention. A sudden, severe headache also warrants prompt evaluation.
Signs of liver problems, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), unusually dark urine, or severe abdominal pain, necessitate immediate medical contact. Unexplained bleeding or bruising could indicate a drop in platelet count and should be reported.
Any signs of a severe allergic reaction, including skin rash or dizziness, require urgent medical assessment. Significant mood changes, especially those leading to thoughts of self-harm, must be communicated to a healthcare provider without delay.