Inhalants are a diverse group of products found in many households and workplaces that produce chemical vapors. These substances, such as solvents, aerosol sprays, gases, and nitrites, are not intended for recreational use but can be inhaled to achieve mind-altering effects. Examples include paint thinners, glues, gasoline, spray paints, and nitrous oxide.
Understanding Inhalant Withdrawal
When a person regularly uses inhalants, their body can adapt to the substance’s presence. Inhalants are central nervous system (CNS) depressants, meaning they slow down physiological functions. Withdrawal occurs when the body reacts to its absence.
While the risk of developing physical dependence on inhalants is considered relatively low, many individuals can quickly form a psychological dependence. When someone stops using inhalants, the suppressed bodily functions can become overactive, leading to uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms. The body attempts to readjust its chemical balance without the drug.
Common Physical Withdrawal Symptoms
Stopping inhalant use can lead to a range of physical symptoms as the body rebalances. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms. Individuals may also experience hand tremors, muscle cramps, and excessive sweating. Headaches and dizziness are common.
Rapid heartbeat, sometimes accompanied by a runny nose or eyes, can also occur. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, are common. In more severe cases, particularly with a history of heavy or prolonged use, seizures can occur, although this is less common.
Common Psychological Withdrawal Symptoms
Beyond physical discomfort, individuals withdrawing from inhalants often face significant mental and emotional challenges. Anxiety and irritability are common psychological symptoms. Feelings of depression can also emerge, sometimes persisting for an extended period.
Restlessness is common. Intense cravings for inhalants are a prominent psychological symptom. Less commonly, but in severe cases, hallucinations and paranoia may occur, particularly in individuals with a history of heavy, long-term use.
Duration and Factors Influencing Severity
The timeline for inhalant withdrawal symptoms varies greatly among individuals. Physical symptoms often begin within 24 to 48 hours after the last use. These physical effects typically subside within a few days to a week.
Psychological symptoms can persist for a longer duration, sometimes lasting weeks or even months. Factors influencing the severity and length of withdrawal include the specific type of inhalant used, the duration and frequency of use, and the amount consumed. An individual’s overall health, including any co-occurring mental health conditions, can also play a role in how they experience withdrawal.
Seeking Support and Treatment
Given the discomfort and potential complications of inhalant withdrawal, professional medical supervision is often recommended. Medical detoxification programs provide a safe environment for withdrawal. While no medications are specifically approved to treat inhalant withdrawal, doctors may prescribe medications to manage symptoms like nausea, sleeplessness, anxiety, or depression.
Following detoxification, various therapies can help address the underlying issues related to inhalant use. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other therapies can assist in developing coping strategies and changing thought patterns. Participation in support groups can provide valuable peer support and contribute to long-term recovery.