The psoas muscle, a deep hip flexor, connects the spine to the leg, residing within the lower back and pelvis. This muscle is important for everyday movements and maintaining posture. While fundamental for mobility, it can be susceptible to injury. This article outlines the common symptoms of a torn psoas muscle.
The Psoas Muscle and Its Role
The psoas muscle, specifically the psoas major, is a long, ribbon-shaped muscle originating from the lumbar vertebrae (T12 to L5) and extending through the pelvis. It merges with the iliacus muscle, forming the iliopsoas group, which inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur. This arrangement allows the psoas to perform several functions. Its primary role is hip flexion, lifting the knee towards the chest, and it also contributes to external rotation of the thigh. The psoas muscle also stabilizes the lumbar spine and pelvis, supporting posture whether standing or sitting.
Key Indicators of a Psoas Tear
A psoas muscle tear often causes localized pain. Individuals commonly experience discomfort in the lower back, often on one side, or in the groin area. Pain may also present in the front of the hip or radiate down the upper thigh. This pain is aggravated by movements engaging the hip flexors, such as lifting the leg, bringing the knee towards the chest, or sitting up from a lying position.
Difficulty standing fully upright or maintaining an erect posture is another indicator, as a torn psoas can prevent complete hip extension. Some individuals report a clicking or popping sensation in the hip or groin during movement, which occurs as an inflamed tendon moves over bony structures. Weakness in the affected leg, particularly during hip flexion, is also a common symptom.
How Psoas Symptoms Present
Psoas tear symptoms vary, ranging from a dull ache to sharp, stabbing pain or a deep throbbing sensation. This discomfort often worsens with activities like walking, running, or climbing stairs, as these involve repetitive hip flexion. Prolonged sitting can also exacerbate pain, as the muscle remains in a shortened position, potentially leading to increased stiffness upon standing.
Individuals with a psoas injury may also notice stiffness or tightness in the hip and lower back, particularly after rest or in the morning. The body might develop compensatory movements to avoid pain, leading to an altered gait or a limp. Everyday actions, such as bending over to tie shoes or getting out of a low chair, can become challenging and painful.
Seeking Diagnosis and Care
If symptoms suggest a psoas muscle tear, consulting a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, physical therapist, or sports medicine specialist, is important for an accurate diagnosis. The diagnostic process involves a detailed physical examination. This may include muscle palpation, range of motion tests, and specific muscle strength tests like resisted hip flexion or the Thomas test, which assesses hip flexor tightness.
A review of the patient’s symptoms and medical history is also part of the assessment. In some cases, imaging tests confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions with similar symptoms. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often the preferred imaging method for evaluating the psoas muscle and its surrounding structures, while ultrasound can also provide valuable information. Early diagnosis aids in initiating appropriate management and recovery strategies.