Orthodontic separators, commonly called spacers, are small, temporary devices used at the beginning of braces treatment. These devices are tiny elastic rings or metal springs placed between the back molars. Their purpose is to create a slight separation between adjacent teeth before the main orthodontic appliances are installed. Spacers prepare the mouth for the next phase of traditional braces treatment.
Why Orthodontists Use Spacers
The primary function of orthodontic spacers is to generate a small gap between the back molars. This space is necessary to fit the metal molar bands that serve as anchors for the archwire of the braces system. Without this preparatory step, the molars are typically too close together for the orthodontist to slide the bands into their correct position comfortably. The gentle, continuous pressure from the spacer gradually pushes the teeth apart over a short period, typically one to two weeks.
These bands secure the main wire that applies the necessary force to realign the entire dental arch. Attempting to force these metal bands onto tightly aligned molars would cause excessive pain and could damage the surrounding gum tissue. By creating this minute separation, spacers ensure that the molar bands can be seated securely and precisely, establishing a proper foundation for the overall treatment plan.
How Spacers Are Placed and Removed
The placement process for elastic spacers is quick and involves a specialized tool or dental floss. The orthodontist stretches the small elastic ring and then carefully slides it down through the contact point between two back molars. Patients may feel a sensation of pressure or a pinching feeling as the spacer is wiggled into place, indicating the device is beginning to exert force. Spacers stay in for approximately one to two weeks, which is the time needed for the teeth to move sufficiently.
When the teeth have achieved enough separation, the spacers are removed during the subsequent appointment, typically using a dental scaler or similar instrument. This removal is quick and is not reported to be painful, as the space is already present. Once the spacers are out, the metal molar bands are fitted, and the process of bonding the brackets and wires can begin.
Living With Spacers and Managing Discomfort
The sensation of wearing spacers is often described as feeling like food is firmly wedged between the teeth, accompanied by a dull ache or pressure. This discomfort arises because the spacers are actively moving the teeth, stretching the periodontal ligaments that hold the tooth in the jawbone. The soreness tends to be most noticeable in the first 48 hours after placement and then gradually subsides as the teeth begin to adapt to the new pressure.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are commonly recommended to help manage the initial soreness and reduce inflammation. Patients should also restrict their diet to soft foods like soups, mashed potatoes, and scrambled eggs to avoid putting unnecessary pressure on the shifting molars.
It is imperative to avoid sticky, chewy, or hard foods, such as caramel or popcorn, as these can easily dislodge the spacer. Patients must also avoid flossing between the teeth where the spacers are located, as this can pull the device out. If a spacer falls out before the next appointment, the patient should contact the orthodontist immediately, as a replacement may be necessary to ensure the space remains open.