Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication used by HIV-negative individuals to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV. Like many medications, PrEP can have side effects. Most people tolerate it well, and any side effects experienced are typically mild and resolve quickly as the body adjusts.
Common Initial Side Effects
When beginning PrEP, some individuals may experience initial side effects. These are generally mild, temporary, and typically appear within the first few weeks. Common digestive issues include nausea, stomach upset, and diarrhea. These symptoms are often brief and subside as the body adapts.
In addition to gastrointestinal discomfort, other common initial side effects include fatigue, headache, and dizziness. These effects are usually not severe and often resolve within a few days or weeks. The presence and intensity of these side effects can vary.
Less Common and Long-Term Side Effects
Beyond the initial adjustment period, some individuals may experience less common or longer-term side effects. PrEP can lead to minor decreases in bone mineral density, which is often reversible if the medication is stopped. Bone density usually returns to normal after discontinuing PrEP, and this effect is not considered clinically significant for most.
Another less common long-term effect involves minor changes in kidney function. Healthcare providers monitor kidney function before and during PrEP use. These changes are typically mild and often not progressive. Serious long-term side effects from PrEP are rare.
Managing Side Effects
For those experiencing mild, common side effects, several strategies can help manage discomfort. Taking PrEP with food can alleviate nausea and stomach upset. Avoiding certain foods, such as rich or spicy dishes, may also help reduce gastrointestinal symptoms.
Headaches can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Staying well-hydrated is important, especially for managing diarrhea, as it helps prevent dehydration. For persistent or bothersome symptoms, discuss them with a healthcare provider for guidance.
When to Contact a Healthcare Provider
Contact a healthcare provider if side effects become severe, persist for an extended period, or worsen. Any new or unexpected symptoms should also be reported. This includes concerns about potential changes in kidney function or bone health, even though these are typically monitored through regular check-ups.
Open communication with the prescribing doctor or clinic is important. They can assess the situation, offer tailored advice, and determine if adjustments to the PrEP regimen or further medical evaluation are needed.