Epicatechin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in various plants, notably cocoa, green tea, and certain berries. This compound has gained attention for its potential health benefits, but like any supplement, understanding its potential side effects and safety considerations is important. This article explores the known adverse effects and precautions associated with epicatechin.
Common Side Effects
Epicatechin can lead to some common, mild side effects, especially at higher doses. Gastrointestinal disturbances are among the most frequently reported issues, affecting approximately 8-12% of individuals consuming doses exceeding 200mg daily. These can include stomach pain, nausea, or diarrhea as the body adjusts to the supplement or due to individual sensitivity. These digestive issues are usually temporary and may resolve with continued use.
Some individuals may also experience headaches or dizziness when taking epicatechin. These effects are mild but can be bothersome for some users. Allergic reactions, though rare, are also possible, with symptoms such as itching, rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If such symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is advised. Starting with a lower dose, such as 50-100 mg, and gradually increasing it while monitoring tolerance, or taking supplements with meals, can help minimize digestive discomfort.
Epicatechin and Drug Interactions
Epicatechin may interact with certain medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing adverse effects. It can influence blood coagulation, meaning it might interact with blood-thinning medications like warfarin. Taking epicatechin alongside these drugs could increase the risk of bruising and bleeding. Individuals on blood thinners should consult a healthcare professional before considering epicatechin.
The compound’s vasodilatory properties, which can help improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure, suggest a potential interaction with blood pressure medications. While beneficial, this vasodilation could lead to low blood pressure in sensitive individuals or those on antihypertensive drugs. Epicatechin can interact with liver enzymes (cytochrome P-450), affecting how the body processes medications. This could lead to altered drug levels or increased side effects.
Who Should Be Cautious
Certain populations or individuals with specific health conditions should exercise caution or avoid epicatechin. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals are advised against using epicatechin due to a lack of sufficient safety data. While animal studies show no marked developmental effects, human research is limited, making it prudent to avoid unless advised by a healthcare provider.
Individuals with pre-existing liver or kidney conditions should be particularly cautious. In rare cases, epicatechin has been linked to liver toxicity and kidney problems. Those with existing liver or kidney issues are at an increased risk of complications. Epicatechin can affect blood pressure, so individuals with low blood pressure should be cautious to avoid further reductions. People undergoing surgery should also be careful, given epicatechin’s potential to influence blood clotting. It is always advisable to discuss any supplement use with a healthcare provider, especially before starting a new regimen.