Texas boasts a vast and varied natural landscape, with diverse ecological zones from eastern pine forests and coastal marshes to western deserts and central prairies. These habitats support a wide array of common animal life. Many species have adapted to thrive across these environments, making Texas home to a remarkable collection of prevalent wildlife.
Terrestrial Mammals
Among Texas’s most frequently observed mammals, the nine-banded armadillo is recognized as the state’s small mammal. These armored creatures are common throughout most of Texas, favoring dense, shady areas like brush, woodlands, and forests, especially near creeks or rivers. Armadillos prefer sandy or loamy soils, which are easier for them to dig into, making them less common where the ground is too hard.
White-tailed deer are another ubiquitous presence across Texas, adapting to various environments from dense forests to open fields. Their populations are robust, making them a common sight in both rural and suburban areas. Several rabbit species, including cottontails and jackrabbits, also populate the Texan landscape, thriving in grasslands, brush, and agricultural lands. These adaptable herbivores are a food source for various predators.
Coyotes, raccoons, and opossums are widespread throughout Texas, showcasing their ability to inhabit diverse settings, including urban fringes. Coyotes are opportunistic predators found in open country, while raccoons frequently inhabit areas near water sources, often venturing into human-populated spaces. Opossums, with their nocturnal habits, are highly adaptable, found in woodlands, farmlands, and suburban environments. Squirrel species, such as the eastern fox squirrel and eastern gray squirrel, are also common, inhabiting treed areas in cities, parks, and forests across the state.
Avian Residents
Texas serves as a significant home for a diverse array of common bird species, including both permanent residents and numerous migratory visitors. The Northern Mockingbird, the state bird of Texas, is widely distributed and frequently noticed in nearly every habitat type, from urban settings to deserts and forests. These medium-sized songbirds are known for their remarkable ability to mimic the songs of other birds and even artificial sounds. Unmated males often sing at night, contributing to their widespread recognition.
Cardinals, with their vibrant red plumage, are a common sight in Texan backyards, parks, and woodlands, feeding on seeds and insects. Various dove species, such as the Mourning Dove and White-winged Dove, are also prevalent, often found in open country, agricultural fields, and suburban areas. Sparrows, including the House Sparrow and other native species, are abundant, adapting well to human-modified landscapes and natural habitats.
Common raptors like the Red-tailed Hawk are frequently observed soaring over open fields, grasslands, and along highways throughout Texas. These birds of prey are adaptable, preying on small mammals and reptiles. Texas is a major corridor for migratory birds, with many species passing through or wintering in the state. This allows for observing a vast number of bird species, including warblers and sandpipers during migration seasons.
Reptiles and Amphibians
Texas is home to a varied collection of cold-blooded creatures, including numerous common reptiles and amphibians that thrive across its diverse landscapes. Non-venomous snakes are frequently encountered, such as the Texas Rat Snake, which can grow quite large and is often found in various habitats, including human-populated areas. Garter snakes, like the Checkered Garter Snake, are also common, inhabiting both suburban and undeveloped areas, often near water sources. Rough Earth Snakes are small, harmless snakes frequently found in suburban lawns and flowerbeds, feeding on worms and small insects.
Lizards are well-represented throughout Texas, with species like the Texas Spiny Lizard being one of the most commonly seen. These lizards often perch on trees or fences and feed on insects. Green Anoles are another ubiquitous lizard, known for their ability to change color from gray-brown to bright green, commonly found in the eastern third of the state. Skinks, such as the Great Plains Skink and Ground Skink, are also prevalent, typically found among leaf litter and grasses.
Common frogs and toads are widespread, often heard more than seen, especially after rains. Texas is home to numerous species. The Gulf Coast Toad is common in various habitats, including grasslands and suburban areas. Leopard Frogs are typically found near permanent water bodies. Other frequently encountered amphibians include the American Bullfrog and chorus frogs, which inhabit wetlands and ponds.
Aquatic Life
Texas features an extensive network of rivers, lakes, and coastal waters, supporting a variety of common aquatic animals. Freshwater fish species are abundant, with bass, catfish, and sunfish being among the most frequently encountered. Largemouth Bass are particularly popular and widespread, found in most lakes and rivers across the state. They prefer clear, quiet waters with protective cover like logs, vegetation, and rock ledges.
Catfish, including Channel, Blue, and Flathead Catfish, are very common in Texas freshwater systems. Channel Catfish are recognizable by their fork-shaped tail and spots. Sunfish, such as bluegill and crappie, are popular smaller fish found in large lakes, often preferring shallower waters. These species are frequently sought by anglers and play a role in the aquatic food web.
Texas’s coast also supports common aquatic life. Various crab species inhabit coastal shorelines, often seen scurrying along beaches or in shallow waters. Smaller fish species are frequently observed near the shore, contributing to the coastal ecosystem.