The prominent, contoured bones commonly referred to as the cheek bones are a defining feature of the human face, influencing appearance and overall facial structure. These paired bones are easily felt just below the eye sockets, forming the widest part of the upper cheek. While “cheek bones” is the informal term, the specific anatomical name provides a more formal and precise identification.
The Zygomatic Bone
The correct anatomical designation for the cheek bone is the Zygomatic bone. This paired, irregularly shaped bone has one structure on the left side and one on the right side of the face. It is also frequently referred to as the Malar bone or simply the Zygoma. The Zygomatic bone is a major component of the facial skeleton, forming the distinct prominence of the cheek. The bone is robust and somewhat diamond-shaped, connecting several other facial and cranial bones.
Position in the Cranium
The Zygomatic bone is strategically located, acting as a structural bridge between the face and the cranium. It contributes significantly to the formation of the lateral wall and a portion of the floor of the orbit, the bony socket that houses the eye. This placement means the bone is situated inferior to the frontal bone and lateral to the maxilla (upper jaw bone).
A distinguishing feature of the Zygomatic bone’s position is its contribution to the Zygomatic Arch. This slender bridge of bone extends posteriorly, formed by the Zygomatic bone’s temporal process connecting with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. The bone articulates directly with four other bones: the frontal bone, the maxilla, the temporal bone, and the sphenoid bone. This network of connections provides structural stability across the midface.
Essential Roles of the Cheek Bones
The Zygomatic bones perform several important functions that extend beyond defining the facial contour. One primary role is protective, as it forms a strong, bony buttress that shields the delicate structures of the eye and the orbit from external forces. This robust structure helps absorb and deflect impacts to the side of the face.
The bone also serves as an attachment site for several facial muscles. The Zygomatic Arch provides the origin for the Masseter muscle, one of the main muscles involved in chewing (mastication). Additionally, muscles like the Zygomaticus major and minor, which are involved in facial expressions such as smiling, originate on the lateral surface of the Zygomatic bone.