The presence of small bumps around the areola is a common and normal anatomical feature. These bumps, which can vary in size and number, are a natural part of breast anatomy and serve specific functions. Understanding their purpose and when they warrant attention can provide reassurance.
Understanding the Bumps Around the Areola
These small, raised bumps around the areola are known as Montgomery glands, or tubercles of Montgomery. They are a specialized type of sebaceous (oil-producing) gland found on the darker skin surrounding the nipple. While they resemble goosebumps or small pimples, they are not acne and should not be squeezed.
Montgomery glands lubricate and protect the nipple and areola. They secrete an oily, waxy substance that moisturizes the skin and prevents cracking, especially important during breastfeeding. This secretion also contains antibacterial properties, protecting against infections. Additionally, these glands produce a distinctive scent, similar to amniotic fluid, which guides newborns to the nipple, encouraging latching and breastfeeding. Their number varies among individuals, typically ranging from a few to many on each areola, with an average of about 10 to 15.
Factors Causing Prominence
The visibility of Montgomery glands can fluctuate, becoming more noticeable due to physiological changes. Hormonal shifts are a primary reason for their prominence. This can occur during puberty, at different stages of the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, and throughout breastfeeding. For example, 30% to 50% of pregnant individuals notice enlarged Montgomery tubercles, sometimes even before a missed period.
Beyond hormonal influences, other factors can make these bumps more pronounced. Changes in body temperature, such as being cold, or physical stimulation of the nipple can cause them to become temporarily more raised. Stress, certain medications, and even wearing tight-fitting clothing can also contribute to their visibility. These variations in appearance are considered normal and reflect the glands’ responsive nature.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While Montgomery glands are benign, certain changes warrant medical attention. Seek medical advice if the bumps become painful, tender to the touch, or show signs of infection. These signs include redness, warmth, or swelling in the area.
Any discharge from the bumps, particularly if it is bloody or foul-smelling, requires immediate medical evaluation. The appearance of a new, persistent lump or mass, changes in the skin’s texture, or persistent itching around the areola also warrant a doctor’s visit. Avoid squeezing or popping these bumps, as this can lead to irritation or infection.