Acupressure is a practice rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which involves applying firm pressure to specific points on the body to influence the flow of energy, known as “qi” or “chi.” This non-invasive method is often explored by pregnant individuals hoping to encourage the onset of labor, particularly when approaching or past their estimated due date. While the practice has been used for thousands of years, scientific evidence regarding its effectiveness in inducing labor is mixed. Some research suggests benefits for cervical ripening and reducing the duration of labor. The focus of this approach is to gently prepare the body for childbirth by stimulating certain points that correlate to uterine function.
Proposed Mechanism of Action
The biological pathway through which acupressure might influence the initiation of labor is primarily thought to involve hormonal and nervous system stimulation. Stimulating specific acupressure points may encourage the neuro-hypophyseal system to increase the secretion of oxytocin. Oxytocin is a hormone well-known for its role in stimulating uterine contractions and is routinely used in medical induction.
Additionally, the pressure applied to these points may trigger a response in the parasympathetic nervous system. This nervous system stimulation can influence the uterus, potentially increasing uterine contractility and promoting cervical maturation. While some studies link acupressure to a higher frequency of spontaneous labor initiation, the scientific community has not yet established a definitive change in serum levels of labor-related mediators.
Spleen 6 (SP6) and Large Intestine 4 (LI4)
Spleen 6 (SP6), known as Sanyinjiao or “Three Yin Intersection,” is one of the most frequently studied points for labor preparation and pain management. Located on the inner lower calf, this point is found about four finger-widths above the inner ankle bone, just behind the shinbone. Applying firm pressure here is theorized to help stimulate contractions and is linked to a potential reduction in the length of active labor.
Large Intestine 4 (LI4), called Hegu or “Joining Valley,” is situated on the hand in the webbing between the thumb and index finger. This point is traditionally considered potent enough to encourage contractions, which is why it is advised to avoid stimulating it during the main part of pregnancy. To activate LI4, the point is pressed firmly in the flesh when the thumb and index finger are squeezed together. Combining the stimulation of LI4 and SP6 is a common practice in traditional protocols, as they are believed to work synergistically to promote uterine activity.
Secondary Stimulatory Points
While SP6 and LI4 are the most common, other points are also used to encourage labor, including those on the foot, lower back, and shoulder.
Bladder 60 (BL60)
BL60, or Kunlun, is located on the foot in the depression found between the outer ankle bone and the Achilles tendon. Stimulation here is used to promote labor and may help with easing lower back pain and encouraging the baby to descend.
Bladder 32 (BL32)
BL32, or Ciliao, is found in the lower back, situated in the dimple area just above the buttocks. Pressing firmly on this point and massaging toward the buttock is thought to help trigger contractions and facilitate cervical dilation by encouraging a downward energy flow.
Gallbladder 21 (GB21)
GB21 is located in the middle of the shoulder muscle, midway between the neck and the tip of the shoulder. This point is considered a strong stimulator of downward energy flow.
Safety and Timing Considerations
Acupressure is generally considered a low-risk intervention for most pregnant individuals, with research suggesting no known adverse effects to the fetus. However, it is strongly advised to consult with a healthcare provider, such as a doctor or midwife, before beginning any regimen. Certain points, including SP6, LI4, BL32, and GB21, are specifically contraindicated for use before the end of the third trimester because of their potential to stimulate uterine activity.
The recommended window for starting acupressure to encourage labor is typically around the 40th week of gestation, or no earlier than 37 weeks. Some practitioners recommend beginning the stimulation process a few days before a scheduled medical induction date. The pressure applied to any of the points should not exceed the individual’s comfort level. Acupressure is best viewed as a way to prepare the body and promote cervical readiness, rather than a guaranteed method of labor induction.