Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small, temporary devices used as a preparatory step before traditional braces are placed. These implements create space between specific back teeth before the main alignment process begins. This phase ensures that subsequent components of the orthodontic appliance can be fitted properly. The use of spacers sets the stage for a smoother installation of the final braces system.
Why Spacers Are Necessary
The primary purpose of a spacer is to generate a small gap between adjacent molars. This space is required to allow for the placement of metal orthodontic bands, which encircle the back teeth. These bands serve as secure anchors for the main archwire of the braces, applying the force needed to realign the teeth.
Molars are typically tightly positioned against one another, leaving no room for the thickness of the metal bands. Without the slight separation created by the spacers, the orthodontist would be unable to fit the bands securely around the molars. Forcing the bands onto tightly aligned teeth would cause significant discomfort and compromise the stability of the braces system. The mild pressure exerted by the separators ensures the correct positioning of the molar anchors.
Types of Spacers and Installation
Orthodontic separators are typically made from elastic rubber bands or small metal springs. Elastic spacers are the most common type, appearing as tiny, flexible loops, often blue in color. They work by being stretched and slipped into the narrow contact point between two teeth. They then attempt to return to their original shape, exerting continuous separating pressure.
The process of inserting elastic spacers involves the orthodontist using a specialized tool or dental floss to stretch the small ring. The stretched band is then carefully threaded through the tight space between the molars and released. Metal spring separators are a less common alternative, often used when more significant space is needed or when the elastic version is insufficient. These metal devices feature a small spring mechanism that widens slightly to push the teeth apart.
Living with Spacers
Patients often report a sensation of pressure or a dull ache after the spacers are placed, which can feel similar to having food stuck between the teeth. This initial discomfort is a result of the gentle, continuous force applied as the teeth begin to move apart. The soreness is typically most noticeable during the first 24 to 48 hours and usually fades significantly after a few days.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are recommended to manage this temporary discomfort. Sticking to soft foods like mashed potatoes, yogurt, and smoothies helps minimize pain when chewing. Patients must avoid sticky, chewy, or hard foods (such as gum and caramels), as these can catch on the separators and pull them out prematurely.
Brushing must continue to prevent plaque buildup, but flossing in the areas where the spacers are located should be avoided to prevent accidental dislodgement. Spacers remain in place for a short time, typically between one to two weeks, before the next appointment. The removal process is quick, involving a specialized tool to gently pop the separator out of the widened space, and is generally painless.