What TEDS Are and Their Purpose
The term TEDS, a common acronym in healthcare settings, refers to Thromboembolism Deterrent Stockings. These specialized medical garments apply external pressure to the legs. Their primary function is to prevent blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT). TEDS also reduce the risk of a pulmonary embolism (PE), a serious condition that occurs if a DVT breaks off and travels to the lungs.
Unlike regular socks, TEDS are engineered with precise compression levels to support healthy blood flow. They are made from firm, elastic material and typically come in knee-high or thigh-high lengths. This design helps counteract the effects of immobility, which can slow blood circulation and increase the likelihood of clot formation. By promoting consistent blood movement, TEDS contribute to maintaining venous health, especially when a person’s natural muscle pump action is reduced.
Why and When TEDS Are Prescribed
TEDS are prescribed as a preventative measure for individuals at an increased risk of developing blood clots. This risk often rises when a person experiences prolonged periods of inactivity, which can lead to blood pooling in the lower extremities. A common scenario for their use is after surgery, particularly orthopedic procedures like hip or knee replacements, or major abdominal surgeries, where patients may have limited mobility during recovery.
Beyond surgical recovery, TEDS are recommended for individuals confined to bed due to illness or injury. Patients with certain medical conditions that heighten their clotting risk, or those with a history of blood clots, may also be advised to wear them. The goal is to support the circulatory system when the body’s natural mechanisms for blood return to the heart are compromised.
How TEDS Work and Proper Usage
TEDS function by applying a specific type of pressure known as graduated compression. This means the stocking exerts the strongest pressure at the ankle, with the pressure gradually decreasing as it extends up the leg. This gradient helps gently compress the veins, encouraging blood to flow upwards towards the heart and preventing it from pooling in the lower legs.
For TEDS to be effective, proper usage and fit are essential. Healthcare providers typically measure the patient’s leg circumference and length to ensure the correct size is provided. Stockings should be applied smoothly, without wrinkles, to prevent uneven pressure or skin irritation. They are generally worn constantly, day and night, until the patient regains their usual level of activity or as directed by a healthcare professional. TEDS should be removed daily for a short period to allow for skin inspection and hygiene.
Potential Considerations and Important Information
While TEDS are beneficial for preventing blood clots, their use requires careful consideration in some situations. Skin irritation or discomfort can occur, particularly if the stockings are improperly fitted or not cared for correctly. It is important to check the skin daily for any signs of redness, soreness, or changes, especially over bony areas like the heels.
Certain medical conditions may make TEDS unsuitable, such as severe peripheral arterial disease, where blood flow to the legs is already compromised. Other contraindications include severe nerve damage with sensory loss, massive leg swelling, or local skin conditions like dermatitis or recent skin grafts. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine if TEDS are appropriate and to receive guidance on proper sizing, application, and care.