Staring spells refer to brief periods where an individual appears to “space out” or become unresponsive to their surroundings. These episodes involve a temporary lapse in awareness, where the person may seem to stare blankly into the distance. While often short-lived, these spells can be a source of concern for individuals and their families.
What are Staring Spells?
Staring spells are technically known as absence seizures, historically referred to as petit mal seizures. These episodes are characterized by brief interruptions of consciousness caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. During an absence seizure, a person stops their current activity and appears to stare, typically for less than 15 seconds.
Unlike typical daydreaming, individuals experiencing an absence seizure are truly unresponsive. This distinction is important because absence seizures can occur many times a day and interfere with daily functions like learning. While most commonly seen in children between 4 and 12 years old, older children and adults can also experience these seizures.
Recognizing Staring Spells
Identifying a staring spell involves observing specific behaviors during the brief period of unresponsiveness. A person having a spell may exhibit a blank stare, appear unaware of their surroundings, and not respond when spoken to or called. Their eyes may remain unblinking, or their eyelids may flutter rapidly.
Subtle physical movements can occur, such as slight lip smacking, chewing motions, or fumbling with their hands. The episode begins and ends abruptly, with the individual resuming their activity immediately afterward without any memory of the spell. These spells can manifest in various everyday situations, such as during a conversation or while eating.
Causes of Staring Spells
The cause of absence seizures is abnormal electrical activity within the brain. This leads to a temporary disruption in brain function, resulting in brief loss of awareness. Genetic predispositions are a significant factor.
Imbalances in brain chemistry, particularly involving neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can contribute to these spells. Triggers can increase the frequency of episodes. These include fatigue, stress, flashing lights, or rapid and deep breathing (hyperventilation).
Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and observation of suspected episodes. A healthcare professional gathers information about the frequency, duration, and specific behaviors observed. Physical and neurological examinations assess overall health and neurological function.
The primary diagnostic tool for confirming absence seizures is an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test measures brain electrical activity and detects specific brain wave patterns. A video EEG may be used, which simultaneously records brain activity and video of the individual, allowing doctors to correlate specific behaviors with electrical changes. Other tests may be performed to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms.
Management of absence seizures involves medication to control abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These anti-epileptic drugs reduce the frequency and severity of the spells. A medical professional determines the specific medication and dosage. Treatment aims to control seizures, improving quality of life and minimizing impact on daily activities or learning.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical advice if staring spells are suspected, especially if they are frequent or interfere with daily life or academic performance. If spells become more frequent, last longer, or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult a medical professional. Observing unresponsiveness during a suspected spell, particularly if the person does not respond to attempts to gain attention, indicates a need for evaluation.
A healthcare professional, such as a pediatrician or neurologist, can evaluate the episodes and determine if they are absence seizures or another condition. Diagnosis and management are important for individuals experiencing these spells. Early intervention helps control seizures and supports overall well-being.