Stabilization splints are custom-fitted oral appliances designed to address various jaw-related concerns. These devices fit precisely over the teeth, providing a protective and supportive interface. Their primary function involves creating a more balanced and stable relationship between the upper and lower jaws. This foundational support helps manage discomfort and promote healthier jaw function.
What are Stabilization Splints
Stabilization splints are custom-fabricated oral appliances, typically made from clear, rigid acrylic. They fit snugly over either the upper or lower dental arch, similar to a retainer. Each splint is uniquely molded to an individual’s teeth, ensuring a precise and comfortable fit. The appliance covers the entire chewing surface, creating a new, stable biting platform.
The primary objective of these splints is to provide a stable and balanced occlusal (biting) surface. This helps evenly distribute biting forces across the teeth and jaw joints, reducing excessive strain on individual teeth or jaw areas. This promotes a more harmonious interaction between the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joints.
Why Are Stabilization Splints Used
Stabilization splints are routinely prescribed to manage conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated muscles. These conditions, often referred to as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), can manifest as pain or dysfunction in the jaw joint and surrounding areas. Patients may experience clicking or popping sounds in the jaw, limited jaw movement, or difficulty opening and closing their mouth comfortably. The splint helps to gently guide the jaw into a more favorable position, reducing stress on the joint structures.
Another common reason for their use is bruxism, which involves involuntary clenching or grinding of the teeth. This often occurs unconsciously during sleep, but can also happen during waking hours. Chronic bruxism can lead to significant tooth wear, fractures, and increased sensitivity. It can also contribute to muscle fatigue and pain in the jaw, head, and neck. The splint acts as a protective barrier, preventing direct tooth-on-tooth contact and absorbing some of the forces generated during grinding.
These splints also alleviate muscle pain in the jaw, head, or neck linked to jaw dysfunction. Overworked jaw muscles from clenching or an unstable bite can become sore and tight. This tension may radiate, causing headaches, earaches, or neck stiffness. By providing a stable bite and promoting muscle relaxation, the splint reduces strain on these overactive muscles, diminishing associated pain.
How Do Stabilization Splints Work
Stabilization splints work by redistributing biting forces across the entire dental arch. This uniform distribution alleviates excessive pressure on individual teeth and the temporomandibular joints, promoting a balanced load. The even contact surface created by the splint can also reduce the intensity of clenching or grinding habits.
The splint also creates a stable occlusal (biting) relationship, where upper and lower teeth meet consistently. This contact helps deprogram jaw muscles, allowing them to relax from habitual, strained positions. By preventing teeth from interlocking in their usual bite, the splint encourages the jaw to find a more comfortable resting position. This disengagement significantly reduces muscle hyperactivity.
Stabilization splints allow the temporomandibular joint to rest in a more favorable position. By providing a stable platform, the splint helps unload the joint, reducing inflammation and discomfort. This is beneficial for individuals experiencing joint pain or clicking sounds. The appliance also acts as a physical barrier, protecting natural tooth surfaces from excessive wear and potential fracture caused by chronic grinding or clenching.
What to Expect When Using a Stabilization Splint
Upon initial placement, a stabilization splint may feel bulky, and some individuals might notice temporary speech changes. This sensation diminishes as the mouth adjusts, usually within a few days to a week. The dental professional ensures the splint fits securely and comfortably, making any necessary adjustments during the fitting. Splints are commonly worn at night, though some cases may require daytime use depending on the condition.
Proper cleaning and maintenance of the stabilization splint are important for its longevity and oral hygiene. The splint should be cleaned daily with a soft toothbrush and mild soap or a denture cleaning solution, avoiding abrasive toothpastes that can scratch the surface. It should be stored in a protective case when not in use to prevent damage and keep it sanitary. Regular follow-up appointments with the dental professional are necessary to monitor progress and make any further adjustments to the splint.
During these follow-up visits, the dental professional will assess the jaw’s response to the splint and ensure the bite remains stable and comfortable. It is important to communicate any discomfort, persistent soreness, or changes in the fit of the splint immediately. Adjustments can often resolve minor issues, ensuring the splint continues to provide its intended therapeutic benefits. Consistent use and proper care contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the treatment.