Dental splinting is a procedure designed to stabilize loose or damaged teeth by joining them together, providing support and preventing further movement. This technique creates a unified structure, allowing individual teeth to gain strength from their healthier neighbors. The primary purpose of splinting is to promote healing of affected teeth and surrounding gum tissue. It can also reduce pain and improve oral function.
Reasons for Dental Splinting
Dental splinting is recommended when teeth have lost stability. A common reason is dental trauma, such as a knocked-out, partially dislodged, or loose tooth. In these cases, a temporary splint helps hold the injured tooth in position, allowing ligaments and bone to heal and reattach.
Another reason for splinting is advanced periodontal disease, also known as gum disease. This condition can lead to the loss of supporting bone around the teeth, causing them to become loose. Splinting distributes chewing forces across multiple teeth, reducing stress on weakened teeth and improving chewing comfort. It can also help preserve remaining bone and prevent jaw pain from an altered bite.
Different Types of Dental Splints
Dental splints come in various forms, each suited for different needs and durations. Temporary splints are used for a short period, from weeks to a few months, often after acute injuries or during initial periodontal treatment. These splints are made from composite resin, sometimes reinforced with wire or fiber mesh, and are bonded directly to the enamel. Flexible splints, made from softer materials, offer comfort and are suitable for mild cases or when some movement is still beneficial.
Permanent splints provide long-term stabilization for teeth requiring extended support, such as those severely affected by bone loss from gum disease. One method involves creating custom-fabricated devices that bond teeth together, often using materials like metal or acrylic. Another approach involves crowning the affected teeth and then fusing these crowns together to form a fixed, unified structure.
Caring for Splinted Teeth
Caring for splinted teeth is important for oral hygiene and splint longevity. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste is recommended twice daily. Flossing around splinted teeth requires attention; a floss threader or interdental brush can help clean under wires and between connected teeth to prevent plaque buildup. Rinsing with a saltwater solution or an antimicrobial mouthwash, if prescribed, can further aid in maintaining gum health and preventing infection.
Dietary adjustments are also important; avoiding hard, sticky, or chewy foods can prevent damage to the splint or dislodgement. Examples of foods to limit include hard candies, ice, popcorn kernels, and chewing gum. Regular dental check-ups are important for monitoring the splint’s condition, assessing overall oral health, and ensuring any underlying issues are addressed. If a splint feels loose or becomes damaged, contacting a dentist promptly is important to prevent further complications.