Seed vials are small, often glass or plastic, airtight containers designed to protect seeds for extended periods. They create a stable micro-environment, shielding seeds from environmental factors that cause degradation. This allows seeds to remain dormant and viable for many years, sometimes even decades.
The Science of Seed Preservation
Seed vials contribute to preservation by mitigating environmental factors that degrade seeds. Moisture is a major concern, as its presence can trigger premature germination or foster mold and fungal growth, rendering seeds unviable. An airtight seal prevents moisture from entering the container, maintaining a low humidity environment.
Oxygen exposure accelerates seed deterioration through oxidation; vials with effective seals minimize this contact. Light, particularly ultraviolet (UV) exposure, can damage seed viability by promoting metabolic processes. Opaque or dark-colored vials, or storing clear vials in a dark location, block light and keep seeds dormant. Stable temperatures are also important, as fluctuations stress seeds and reduce their lifespan. Vials provide a buffer against minor temperature swings.
Preparing Seeds for Vial Storage
Proper preparation is important before placing seeds into vials for long-term storage. Seeds must be thoroughly dried to prevent mold, rot, or premature germination once sealed. Air drying involves spreading seeds thinly on a surface like a screen or paper towel in a well-ventilated area for several days or weeks, ensuring consistent airflow. For seeds from fleshy fruits, such as tomatoes, fermentation may be necessary to remove the gel-like substance before drying.
Alternatively, desiccants like silica gel or baked rice can absorb excess moisture from seeds within an airtight container. After drying, clean seeds to remove any debris, chaff, or plant material that could harbor pests or diseases. Once dried and cleaned, label each vial clearly with the seed type and collection date for easy identification and tracking.
Maintaining Optimal Storage Conditions
Once seeds are prepared and sealed, maintaining appropriate external storage conditions further extends their viability. Temperature plays a significant role; cooler temperatures prolong seed life by slowing metabolic rates. An ideal temperature range for most seeds is between 32°F and 50°F (0°C to 10°C), making a refrigerator a suitable option for long-term storage. A consistent temperature is more impactful than extreme cold.
Darkness is another important factor, as continuous light exposure can degrade seeds over time, even in opaque vials. Storing vials in a dark cupboard, basement, or a dedicated storage box shields them from light. While vials offer protection from external humidity, the surrounding environment should be relatively dry to prevent moisture from compromising the seal. A general guideline suggests that the sum of the temperature in Fahrenheit and the relative humidity percentage should be less than 100 for optimal storage.