Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small rubber bands or metal springs temporarily placed between certain teeth as a preparatory step for braces. These devices are integral to the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Their general purpose is to gently create minute gaps where the teeth are tightly packed together. This brief but necessary intervention sets the stage for the next phase of aligning the bite and straightening the smile.
Why Spacers Are Necessary
Spacers perform a specific mechanical function by generating the necessary clearance between adjacent teeth, most commonly the molars in the back of the mouth. The teeth in this area are frequently in close contact, which prevents an orthodontic band from being fitted correctly around the tooth’s circumference.
The creation of this space is necessary for the proper placement of metal orthodontic bands. These bands are metal rings cemented around the molars to serve as anchors for the entire bracing system. The gentle pressure exerted by the spacer gradually forces the teeth apart by a fraction of a millimeter. This small movement ensures the bands can slide into position accurately, which is fundamental for the successful outcome of the overall treatment plan.
The Process of Placement and Removal
The placement of orthodontic spacers is a straightforward procedure performed by an orthodontist using specialized instruments. For rubber separators, the device is stretched using a small plier-like instrument or floss and then carefully guided between the contact points of the teeth. Once inserted, the elastic material contracts, applying a consistent, gentle force to initiate the separation. Metal spring separators may be used for cases requiring more significant space.
Spacers remain in place for a short, predetermined duration, typically between one to two weeks, depending on the amount of space needed. This time frame allows the teeth to shift just enough to accommodate the appliance that follows. The removal process is quick and simple, involving the use of a specialized hook or instrument to pop the spacer out from between the teeth.
Caring for Spacers and Managing Discomfort
Most patients experience discomfort after the spacers are placed, which is a sign that the devices are working to move the teeth. This sensation is often described as a dull ache or a feeling similar to having food firmly stuck between the back teeth. The soreness usually peaks within the first 24 to 48 hours and subsides within a few days as the teeth adjust to the pressure.
Management of this temporary pain involves over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Sticking to a soft-food diet is recommended during this period, as chewing on hard foods can exacerbate the soreness. Good hygiene is important, though flossing should be avoided in the areas with spacers, as it can inadvertently pull them out. Instead, patients should brush gently around the separators with a soft-bristled toothbrush and may use a water flosser to clean away any trapped food debris.
A spacer may occasionally fall out before the next scheduled appointment, which often indicates that the device has successfully created the required space. If a spacer falls out more than a couple of days before the next visit, contact the orthodontist, as the space may close quickly, necessitating replacement. Foods that are particularly sticky, chewy, or hard, like caramel, gum, or crunchy nuts, must be avoided entirely because they can easily dislodge the separators and interrupt the treatment schedule.
What Happens After Spacers Are Removed
The removal of the spacers marks the transition to the next phase of orthodontic treatment. The orthodontist will use the newly created space to fit and cement metal orthodontic bands around the molars. This procedure is generally painless because the task of creating separation has already been accomplished.
These bands act as anchors for the overall braces system, connecting to the archwires and other parts of the appliance. Once the molar bands are securely in place, the orthodontist proceeds with placing the brackets on the rest of the teeth and threading the archwire, beginning the active tooth-alignment phase. The brief period of wearing spacers ensures a smooth and accurate start to the comprehensive treatment plan.