The genus Mycena, commonly known as bonnet mushrooms, is a diverse group of fungi. Comprising approximately 500 species found across various global environments, Mycena mushrooms are recognized for their small size. They play a significant ecological role as saprotrophs, primarily decomposing dead organic matter and contributing to nutrient cycling.
Key Characteristics
Mycena mushrooms are small, rarely exceeding a few centimeters in width. Their caps exhibit shapes from conical to bell-shaped, sometimes flattening with age. The cap surface is often translucent and striate, displaying radial grooves that mirror the gills.
Gills are attached to the stem. Stems are slender, fragile, and hollow, typically lacking a ring. While many species are grey or brown, some have brighter colors.
Habitat and Growth
Mycena species are saprophytic fungi, obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic material. They are commonly found growing on decaying wood, such as logs, stumps, and fallen branches. These mushrooms also thrive in areas with abundant leaf litter and other plant debris on the forest floor, or in lawns and gardens. While traditionally considered strict decomposers, recent research suggests some Mycena species may interact with living plant roots, expanding their known ecological roles.
Common Mycena Species
The Mycena genus displays considerable diversity, with several species exhibiting unique traits. Mycena galericulata, known as the common bonnet, is a common species with a bell-shaped to conical cap, flattening with age, typically grey to brown with radial grooves. Its stem is thin and tough, often roots deeply into wood, and its gills may develop a pinkish hue. Another species, Mycena inclinata, known as the clustered bonnet, grows in groups on decaying oak logs and stumps. It has a reddish-brown, bell-shaped cap and a stem that turns reddish-brown at the base. Some Mycena species are also known for bioluminescence, such as Mycena chlorophos.
Edibility and Safety
Most Mycena species are inedible due to their small size and fragile texture, making them insubstantial for culinary use. Some species contain toxins, such as muscarine, which can cause gastrointestinal distress. A few Mycena species also contain psychoactive compounds.
While certain species exhibit bioluminescence, this does not indicate edibility. Given the potential for toxicity and difficulty in accurate identification, it is advised not to consume wild Mycena mushrooms. The safest approach is to refrain from consumption unless identified by a certified expert.