Mojarras are a type of fish that inhabit various aquatic environments around the world.
What are Mojarras?
Mojarras belong to the scientific family Gerreidae, which includes approximately 40 to 53 species. These fish are generally small to medium-sized, typically not exceeding 35 cm (14 inches) in length, though some can reach up to 50 cm (20 inches). Their bodies are compressed and covered in prominent, shimmering silvery scales, sometimes featuring diagnostic patterns like dark spots, stripes, or bars.
Their highly protrusible mouth, extending downwards like a tube, is a distinguishing characteristic. Equipped with minute, villiform teeth, this specialized mouth is useful for feeding. They also possess a single, long-based dorsal fin, elevated at the front and able to fold into a scaly sheath at its base. Their caudal fin is deeply forked, and their pectoral fins are typically long and pointed.
Where Mojarras Live
Mojarras are primarily found in marine environments across tropical and warm temperate regions globally. While most species inhabit coastal saltwater, some can also be found in brackish waters, and occasionally even in freshwater systems. They commonly prefer shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and lagoons. Mojarras are frequently observed over sandy or muddy bottoms, in seagrass beds, along mangrove shorelines, and near coral reefs. Regions where they are particularly common include the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific coasts of North America, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and the Indo-Pacific.
Mojarras in Their Environment and for Humans
In their natural environment, mojarras play a role in the marine food web, primarily as bottom feeders and as a food source for larger predators. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of small invertebrates such as worms, bivalves, shrimp, and other crustaceans, as well as plant matter and detritus sifted from the seabed. Their protrusible mouth allows them to efficiently scoop up food from sandy or muddy substrates.
Mojarras are preyed upon by various larger fish, including sharks, and are also consumed by birds and marine mammals. They often form large schools, particularly in shallow coastal areas, which provides protection against predators like the lemon shark. Their presence contributes to the balance of coastal ecosystems by consuming detritus and small organisms.
For humans, mojarras hold significance in both commercial and recreational fishing, particularly in Latin American countries. Their abundance and flavor make them a popular food fish, especially in regions like Mexico, Colombia, and other parts of Central and South America. They are often prepared by frying or grilling, with “Mojarra Frita” being a well-known dish in many cultures.
Beyond their culinary uses, mojarras are also valued as bait fish for catching larger game fish, including snook and tarpon. They are readily caught using cast nets or seine nets due to their schooling behavior and proximity to shore. While most mojarra species are considered of “least concern” regarding conservation status, some populations face pressure from fishing and habitat alteration.