Maternity pads are specially designed hygiene products engineered to manage the unique bleeding that occurs after childbirth. They offer a significantly higher absorbency capacity compared to standard menstrual products. These pads are created to handle lochia, the natural discharge of blood, mucus, and tissue from the uterus following delivery, supporting the body’s recovery during the heavier initial flow.
Managing Postpartum Bleeding
The body’s recovery after birth involves lochia, which is the shedding of the uterine lining (decidua) that sustained the pregnancy. Initially, this discharge is known as lochia rubra, characterized by bright red blood, mucus, and tissue fragments. The flow is substantial and heavy, often resembling a heavy menstrual period, and typically lasts for the first three to four days postpartum. The total volume of lochial secretion over the recovery period can range between 200 and 500 milliliters. As the process continues, the discharge transitions to lochia serosa (pinkish or brownish) and finally to lochia alba (yellowish-white).
Physical Differences from Standard Pads
Maternity pads are structurally distinct from standard menstrual pads. They are considerably longer, wider, and thicker than menstrual pads, providing greater coverage for the postpartum flow. This expanded surface area is helpful for preventing leaks, particularly when the wearer is lying down for rest and recovery.
These pads utilize different internal materials engineered for rapid absorption and retention of blood and clots. The absorbency rating is much higher than even the heaviest overnight menstrual pad, as they are designed to handle sudden gushes of fluid and thicker discharge. This high capacity helps reduce the frequency of changes while maintaining dryness against the skin.
Many maternity pads are deliberately made with softer, more breathable top layers to promote healing and reduce irritation to the sensitive perineal area. The focus on breathability helps prevent moisture buildup, which is particularly important if stitches or tearing occurred during delivery.
Furthermore, some hospital-grade versions may lack the adhesive wings common on menstrual pads, which simplifies removal and reduces potential friction against healing tissues.
Usage Timeline and Transition
Maternity pads are used immediately after delivery and are generally required throughout the lochia rubra phase, which lasts approximately three to four days. During this initial period, these specialized products provide the necessary level of protection. As the bleeding naturally decreases and transitions to the lighter lochia serosa and lochia alba phases, users can begin to switch to less bulky products.
The transition typically involves moving from the thick maternity pads to standard overnight pads, and eventually to lighter panty liners as the discharge becomes yellowish-white. This entire process can last up to six weeks postpartum, although the heavy bleeding phase resolves much sooner.
It is recommended to use only external pads during the entire recovery period. Internal menstrual products, such as tampons or menstrual cups, should be avoided for at least six weeks, or until a healthcare provider confirms healing at the postnatal checkup. This restriction exists because the uterus is healing from the wound where the placenta was attached, and the cervix remains slightly open. Introducing internal products could introduce bacteria, significantly increasing the risk of uterine or pelvic infection.