Mango worms, scientifically known as the larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga, are a parasitic infestation called myiasis. They are the larval stage of the tumbu fly, also called the skin maggot fly or putzi fly. Found predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, these flies and their larvae pose a concern for both humans and various mammals. Their larval stage can burrow into the skin of a host, leading to uncomfortable and sometimes painful lesions.
Understanding Mango Worms
These larvae typically measure between 5 and 15 millimeters in length and are characterized by small, dark spines. The adult tumbu fly, which is roughly the size of a common housefly but more robust, thrives in warm, humid environments and is particularly attracted to the scent of urine and feces. Female flies lay their eggs, often in batches of 100 to 300, in sandy soil contaminated with animal waste or on damp clothing left outdoors to dry. These eggs are often too small to be easily seen with the unaided eye.
How Mango Worms Develop and Spread
Tumbu fly eggs typically hatch within two to three days, releasing larvae that can survive without a host for up to 15 days, actively seeking a warm-blooded mammal. Upon contact with a host, such as a human or animal, the larvae quickly penetrate the skin, sometimes within seconds. They then reside in the subcutaneous tissue, feeding and growing for approximately 8 to 12 days through three larval stages. After reaching full maturity, the larvae exit the host’s skin, drop to the ground, and burrow into the soil to pupate, eventually developing into adult flies to restart the cycle.
Identifying an Infestation
An infestation with mango worms typically manifests as distinct skin lesions. Initially, these may appear as small, red pimples or mosquito-bite-like bumps. Over several days, these develop into painful, boil-like swellings, often reddish and firm, measuring up to about 1 inch in size.
A characteristic feature of each lesion is a small central opening or a tiny black dot, which serves as the larva’s breathing hole. As the larvae grow, a sensation of movement under the skin may be felt, accompanied by mild to intense itching and discomfort. In some cases, fever, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping can also occur, particularly as the lesions become more painful and pus-filled.
Management and Prevention
Addressing a mango worm infestation involves careful removal of the larvae. One common method involves occluding the central pore of the boil with petroleum jelly or wax, which suffocates the larva and encourages it to emerge for air, making it easier to remove with forceps. It is important to extract the entire larva to prevent secondary infections. While self-removal is possible, seeking professional medical or veterinary attention is often recommended for safer and more effective extraction, as professionals can ensure complete removal and minimize discomfort.
Preventing mango worm infestations centers on reducing exposure to the fly’s eggs and larvae. This includes avoiding direct contact with potentially contaminated soil, especially in areas frequented by animals. For laundry, it is advisable to machine wash and tumble dry clothes, or if line-drying outdoors, to iron them thoroughly with a hot iron, as heat effectively kills any eggs or larvae. Using insect repellents on exposed skin and wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants, can also reduce the risk of larvae burrowing into the skin. Regularly checking pets for any suspicious bumps or lesions and maintaining good hygiene for both humans and animals are also important preventive measures.