Lilly Pillies are a group of evergreen trees and shrubs native to Australia, valued for their ornamental appeal and edible fruit. These plants have become popular in landscaping due to their ability to form dense screens and hedges, offering both aesthetic beauty and privacy. Their appearance is characterized by glossy, vibrant green leaves and striking flushes of colorful new growth, which can range from pink and bronze to deep red. Following flowering, the plants produce clusters of berries that add seasonal color to the garden.
Botanical Identity and Native Habitat
Lilly Pillies belong to the Myrtaceae family, the same family as eucalypts and bottlebrushes, encompassing species primarily within the genera Syzygium and Acmena. Historically, many species have moved between these genera, causing confusion, but both are commonly referred to as “Lilly Pilly.” A distinguishing feature across most species is the waxy, smooth, and glossy foliage that appears dense on the branches.
The plants are predominantly found in the rainforests and coastal areas of eastern Australia, with their native range extending from northern Queensland down to Victoria. This habitat has resulted in a species group adaptable to varying conditions, from full sun to partial shade. The fruit develops after the small, often fluffy white or cream flowers, typically presenting as a fleshy berry ranging in color from white and pink to deep magenta or purple.
Diverse Species and Common Cultivars
The common name “Lilly Pilly” covers over 50 species, offering a wide selection based on growth habit and pest resistance. A key difference for gardeners is the susceptibility to the Lilly Pilly Psyllid, an insect that causes cosmetic damage. Species such as Syzygium australe and its cultivars are generally more vulnerable to this pest.
In contrast, varieties belonging to the former Acmena genus, such as those derived from Acmena smithii, often exhibit greater natural resistance to psyllids. Plant breeders have also developed psyllid-resistant cultivars within the Syzygium genus, including ‘Resilience’ and ‘Aussie Compact’. This allows selection based on landscape needs, from fast-growing species like Syzygium luehmannii used for tall screens to dwarf varieties like ‘Allyn Magic’ suitable for low hedging.
Culinary Uses of the Fruit
The fruit of most Lilly Pilly species is edible, although flavor and palatability vary considerably between varieties. The berries generally possess a tart, slightly acidic taste, sometimes with a subtle, aromatic hint of clove or spice, as noted in the Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii). This complex flavor profile makes them a popular ingredient in Australian cuisine.
The fruit is rarely eaten raw in large quantities, but it is excellent when processed into preserves, jellies, and sauces. Cooking the berries helps balance their tartness with sweeteners, creating a unique flavor base for desserts or savory condiments served with meat. The fruit offers nutritional benefits, including high content of Vitamin C and various antioxidants.
Growing and Maintaining Lilly Pillies
Lilly Pillies are robust plants that thrive in a range of conditions, preferring well-drained soil and a position that receives full sun to partial shade. While established plants are tolerant of dry periods, they benefit from regular watering, particularly when young or during extended dry spells. Applying organic mulch around the base helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.
Pruning is important for maintenance, especially when growing them as a hedge, as it encourages the dense, bushy growth for which they are prized. Regular tip pruning of new growth promotes lateral branching and a more compact form from the base upwards. Even if heavily pruned, the plants are resilient and quickly produce new growth.
The most common pest issue is the Lilly Pilly Psyllid (Trioza eugeniae), which causes leaves on new growth to develop distinct galls or “pimples.” The most effective control is choosing resistant varieties from the outset. For susceptible plants, immediate pruning and disposal of affected new growth can help manage the infestation. For non-resistant varieties, maintaining plant health with balanced fertilizer and using horticultural oils on new shoots can deter the pest.