Lacewings are common insects found across many parts of the world, often recognized for their delicate appearance. These creatures inhabit diverse environments, including gardens, fields, and forests. Despite their fragile look, lacewings play a significant role in maintaining the natural balance of these ecosystems.
Identifying Lacewings
Adult lacewings have distinct, intricate, veined wings. Green lacewings, such as Chrysoperla carnea, have a pale green body, large golden or copper-colored eyes, and long, slender antennae. Their wings are transparent and delicate, measuring between 1 to 2 inches in length. Brown lacewings have similar delicate wings but are brown or gray in color.
The eggs of green lacewings are unique, laid individually at the end of thin, silken stalks, often on plant leaves or stems. This placement helps protect them from predators. Upon hatching, the larvae, sometimes called “aphid lions,” are small, alligator-like creatures with legs and prominent, sickle-shaped jaws. These larvae are gray or brownish and can grow up to about half an inch long.
Life Cycle and Diet
Lacewings undergo complete metamorphosis, progressing through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs hatch into larvae, which are the primary predatory stage. These larvae hunt and consume soft-bodied insects for several weeks, molting multiple times as they grow.
After feeding, the larva forms a silken cocoon for the pupal stage. This transformation takes a few days to several weeks, depending on the species and environmental conditions. Adult lacewings emerge from the pupa, feeding on nectar, pollen, and honeydew. Some adults also consume small insects or mites. The entire development from egg to adult occurs quickly, often within four to six weeks in warm temperatures, allowing multiple generations annually.
Why They are Beneficial
Lacewings are valued in agriculture and gardening due to their role as natural pest controllers. The larval stage is effective, consuming a wide array of common garden pests. These include aphids, mealybugs, spider mites, thrips, whiteflies, and the eggs and small larvae of various insects like caterpillars. A single lacewing larva can consume hundreds of aphids in its lifetime, making them formidable predators.
Their predatory habits reduce pest populations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This natural pest management contributes to healthier ecosystems and supports sustainable practices. By incorporating lacewings into pest management strategies, agricultural systems minimize environmental impact and promote a balanced environment.