Interdental brushes are specialized hygiene tools designed to clean the spaces between teeth, which a standard toothbrush cannot effectively reach. These small brushes are an alternative or supplement to traditional string floss, helping to remove plaque and food debris from the surfaces where tooth decay and gum disease often begin. Incorporating them into a daily routine addresses areas making up about 40% of the total tooth surface, enhancing overall oral health.
Anatomy and Function
Interdental brushes have a small, cylindrical or tapered brush head attached to a handle. The brush head consists of fine nylon bristles twisted around a thin wire core, often coated in plastic to protect the teeth and gums. This design allows the brush to access the entire width of the interdental space and the concave surfaces of the teeth roots, which floss often misses.
The brush mechanically disrupts and removes bacterial biofilm (plaque) from the sides of the teeth and below the gumline. Unlike dental floss, which scrapes a narrow surface, the bristles of the interdental brush physically scrub the area, providing a more thorough cleaning action, particularly in wider gaps. Studies have shown that interdental brushes can be more effective than floss at reducing plaque and gingivitis in individuals with moderate to severe gum disease and larger spaces between teeth. The brushes are also helpful for cleaning around dental work, such as orthodontic braces, fixed bridges, or dental implants, where plaque accumulation is common.
Choosing the Correct Size
Selecting the proper size is important for effectiveness and safety, as a single size will not work for every space. The brush must fit snugly, allowing bristles to contact the tooth surfaces and gum tissue without the wire core touching the sides of the teeth. If the brush slides in too easily, the bristles are not sufficiently engaging the surfaces to remove plaque effectively, suggesting a larger size is needed.
Forcing a brush into a space that is too small can damage the gums and tooth surface, or bend the wire, rendering the tool useless. If a brush requires force to insert, the user should immediately size down to a smaller diameter. Because spaces often vary widely (e.g., tighter at the front and wider at the back), most people require two or three different brush sizes to clean their entire mouth. Consulting a dental hygienist or dentist is the most reliable way to receive professional sizing recommendations.
Step-by-Step Application
Hold the interdental brush with a comfortable grip, similar to holding a pencil, for better dexterity and control. The brush head is gently inserted between two teeth, positioned perpendicularly to the tooth surface just above the gumline. Avoid forcing the brush into a tight space; use the correct size for a smooth, gentle entrance.
Once situated, use a light, back-and-forth motion, pushing the brush all the way through and pulling it back out. This action should be repeated two or three times in each space to ensure the bristles adequately scrub all surfaces and dislodge debris. For the back teeth, it can be helpful to slightly curve the wire of the brush, or use a pre-angled brush design, to improve access and reach. Where possible, cleaning should be performed from both the cheek side and the tongue side to ensure complete coverage. After cleaning each space, rinse the brush under running water to remove plaque and food particles before moving on.
Maintenance and When to Replace
Interdental brushes are reusable, but proper maintenance is necessary to keep them hygienic and effective. After each use, the brush must be thoroughly rinsed under warm running water to wash away any remaining debris and bacteria. The brush should be allowed to air dry completely before being stored in a clean, dry location, such as a protective cap or container.
These brushes have a limited lifespan and must be replaced regularly to maintain cleaning efficacy. A brush is no longer effective when bristles become visibly frayed, worn, or splayed out, or if the wire core is bent or broken. Depending on frequency of use and force applied, an interdental brush typically needs replacement after one to two weeks of daily use. Regular replacement ensures the continued integrity of the bristles, necessary for the thorough removal of plaque.