Graduated compression stockings are specialized hosiery designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs. These garments are engineered to be snug-fitting and stretchy, aiming to improve blood circulation and alleviate various leg discomforts. They serve a primary purpose of supporting the body’s natural processes in moving blood and fluids efficiently.
How Graduated Compression Works
Graduated compression stockings function by exerting controlled pressure on the legs, with the highest compression applied at the ankle. This pressure gradually decreases as the stocking extends up the leg towards the thigh. This specific pressure gradient helps to gently squeeze the veins in the legs, which in turn reduces their diameter and increases the velocity of blood flow. The increased blood flow aids in propelling deoxygenated blood back towards the heart, working against gravity and preventing blood from pooling in the lower extremities.
Compression levels are measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Different levels signify varying degrees of pressure and are chosen based on individual needs. For instance, mild compression ranges from 8-15 mmHg, while moderate levels are 15-20 mmHg or 20-30 mmHg. Higher compression levels, such as 30-40 mmHg or 40-50 mmHg, are available for more specific medical applications.
Why People Use Them
People use graduated compression stockings to address various leg conditions and discomforts. They reduce symptoms associated with tired, achy legs and manage swelling. By supporting the veins and improving circulation, these stockings help prevent fluid buildup in the lower limbs.
The stockings also manage conditions like varicose veins by supporting vein walls, alleviating pain and discomfort. They are used in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), blood clots in the legs, especially during prolonged standing or sitting, long-distance travel, and pregnancy. During pregnancy, increased blood volume and pressure on pelvic veins can lead to swelling and discomfort, which compression stockings can help mitigate.
Practical Considerations for Use
Proper sizing and fitting are important for the effectiveness and comfort of graduated compression stockings. Measurements of the ankle, calf, and sometimes thigh circumference are taken to ensure the correct fit. Stockings that are too loose will not provide adequate compression, while those that are too tight can cause discomfort or restrict circulation.
Putting on these stockings can be challenging due to their snug fit. It is best to put them on first thing in the morning when legs are least swollen. Turning the stocking inside out to the heel, then gradually rolling it up the leg can make the process easier. Using rubber gloves can provide a better grip, and specialized donning aids are also available to assist with application.
For daily wear, most compression stockings are worn throughout the day and removed before bedtime, unless a healthcare professional advises otherwise. Regular care is important to preserve their elasticity and effectiveness. Stockings should be washed daily or every other day with mild soap and lukewarm water, either by hand or on a gentle machine cycle. Air drying away from direct heat is recommended to prevent damage to the elastic fibers. For specific medical conditions or when considering higher compression levels, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.