Dental spacers, also known as orthodontic separators, are small, temporary devices used in orthodontics. Made of rubber or metal, they are placed between specific teeth to prepare the mouth for further treatment. Spacers serve as an initial step in an orthodontic plan, often preceding the placement of braces. They are designed to create subtle changes in tooth positioning.
Purpose of Dental Spacers
The primary function of dental spacers is to create small gaps between teeth, most commonly between molars. This separation allows orthodontists to comfortably place orthodontic bands, which are ring-like components that encircle the molars and serve as anchors for braces. Without sufficient space, inserting these bands would be difficult. Teeth are naturally positioned closely together, making it challenging to fit bands around them.
Spacers achieve this by applying gentle, continuous pressure that gradually pushes the teeth apart. Two types of spacers are used: small elastic rubber bands, which are the most common, and metal springs. Rubber spacers are elastic rings, about a centimeter in diameter, stretched and placed between teeth. Metal spacers may look like small rings or clips and are used when more significant force or durability is needed. The choice of spacer depends on the individual’s specific needs and the amount of space required.
Living with Dental Spacers
Wearing dental spacers can introduce new sensations. Many individuals experience discomfort, pressure, or mild pain, especially during the first 24 to 48 hours after placement. This feeling often subsides within a few days as the teeth adjust to the gentle pressure. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help manage soreness. Rinsing with warm salt water can also provide relief.
Careful attention to diet is important while wearing spacers. Patients should avoid sticky, chewy, or hard foods, as these can dislodge the spacers or become stuck around them. Examples of foods to avoid include gum, caramel, toffee, hard candies, popcorn, and nuts. Eating soft foods, such as mashed potatoes, yogurt, smoothies, and scrambled eggs, is recommended, particularly during the initial days of discomfort.
Maintaining oral hygiene is important, but some adjustments are necessary. Regular brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush is encouraged, but flossing directly between the teeth where spacers are located should be avoided to prevent dislodging them. If a spacer falls out before the next orthodontic appointment, it is advisable to contact the orthodontist. If a spacer falls out close to the scheduled appointment, it might indicate that sufficient space has already been created, but professional guidance is still recommended.
Next Steps in Orthodontic Treatment
Dental spacers are temporary appliances, typically worn for a short period. Most individuals wear spacers for about one to two weeks, though the exact duration depends on how quickly the teeth move and the space needed for subsequent steps. This timeframe allows enough room to be created for the next phase of orthodontic treatment.
The removal of spacers is a straightforward process. Once the necessary space has been achieved, the orthodontist uses a small tool to gently remove them. This removal usually occurs on the same day that orthodontic bands are to be placed. Immediately following spacer removal, metal bands are typically fitted around the molars, which will then serve as anchors for the archwires of traditional braces. Spacers are a preparatory step, setting the stage for the main orthodontic treatment, such as braces, to effectively align the teeth.