Coots are fascinating waterbirds often seen gliding across ponds and lakes, yet they are frequently mistaken for ducks. These birds, belonging to the rail family, are widespread aquatic inhabitants, distinct from other waterfowl in several notable ways. Observing them reveals a unique combination of features and behaviors that set them apart in wetland ecosystems. Understanding their characteristics allows for better appreciation of these adaptable and intriguing birds.
Distinctive Features
Coots have dark gray to black plumage, sometimes appearing charcoal-like. A prominent feature is their bright white bill, which contrasts sharply with their dark head. Extending from the bill onto the forehead is a fleshy, unfeathered plate known as a frontal shield. This shield can vary in size and color, and its enlargement is associated with breeding activity.
Unlike ducks, coots do not have fully webbed feet. Instead, their large, yellow-green feet feature unique lobed toes. These fleshy flaps expand when swimming, providing efficient propulsion. When coots walk on land, these lobes fold back, allowing movement across various terrains. Physically, coots are plump, chicken-like birds, typically measuring 15 to 17 inches (38 to 43 cm) in length and weighing around 21 to 25 ounces (600 to 700 grams).
Where Coots Live and What They Eat
Coots inhabit a wide range of freshwater environments, including marshes, ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers. They prefer areas with ample aquatic vegetation, which provides both food and nesting cover. These birds are commonly found in park ponds and reservoirs, often coexisting with other waterfowl. Some populations may temporarily occupy brackish or saltwater habitats during winter months.
The diet of a coot is omnivorous, consisting of both plant and animal matter. They primarily consume aquatic vegetation, such as stems, leaves, and seeds of pondweeds, sedges, grasses, and algae. Coots also supplement their diet with insects, crustaceans, snails, small fish, and tadpoles. They forage by dabbling at the water’s surface, upending in shallow areas, and diving underwater to retrieve plants. Coots also graze on land and will steal food from other ducks.
Common Behaviors
Coots exhibit distinct behaviors. When swimming, they display a characteristic head-bobbing motion. This movement aids in visual stabilization, particularly when foraging. Coots are adept at diving, propelling themselves underwater using their lobed feet to access submerged vegetation and invertebrates.
Although they appear somewhat clumsy on land, coots can run surprisingly fast. To become airborne, they require a running start across the water, flapping their wings vigorously before lifting off. Coots are social birds, often forming large flocks known as “rafts” outside of the breeding season. During breeding, they become aggressive and territorial, defending nesting areas and using their strong feet for defense, delivering powerful kicks during disputes. Coots communicate through vocalizations like clucks, cackles, grunts, and squawks, used for warnings or locating mates and young.