Chocoyos are a type of bird, formally known as the Pacific Parakeet or Orange-fronted Parakeet. These birds are members of the parrot family, recognized for their vibrant plumage and social behaviors. While the term “chocoyo” is used in some Central American regions, its Latin name is Eupsittula canicularis or Psittacara strenuus, depending on the specific classification.
Physical Traits and Natural Range
The Pacific Parakeet is a small to medium-sized bird, measuring between 23 to 33 centimeters (9 to 13 inches) in length and weighing 68 to 105 grams (2.4 to 3.7 ounces). Its body is predominantly olive green, with a slightly yellowish tint on its underparts. It has a bright orange-peach forehead and lores, often accompanied by a dull blue midcrown. A ring of bare, pale yellow or beige skin encircles its orange-red eyes, and its bill is horn-colored.
This species inhabits Central America, ranging from western Mexico through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into central Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica. They thrive in various semi-open to open landscapes, including the edges of forests, deciduous woodlands, savannas, and thorn scrub. These parakeets can be found in lowlands and foothills, reaching elevations up to 2,600 meters (8,500 feet).
Wild Behavior and Social Dynamics
Chocoyos are highly social birds, often observed in large, noisy flocks that can number over 100 individuals outside of the breeding season. Their communication involves distinctive calls, such as a repetitive “kreh!- kreh!- kreh!” during flight and a lower-pitched, scratchy “kreeh-kreeh-kreeh-kreei-kreei” when perched. These parakeets are primarily frugivorous and granivorous, consuming fruits, seeds, and flowers. They consume various plant resources and can sometimes be considered crop pests.
The breeding biology of the Pacific Parakeet is not extensively documented, but they nest in existing cavities. They utilize rock crevices, cavities in earthen banks, and likely also use tree cavities or old arboreal termite nests. Their breeding season extends from June to September, with females laying three to five white eggs in an unlined nest cavity.
Relationship with Humans
The colorful plumage and ability to mimic sounds, including human speech, contribute to the popularity of chocoyos in the pet trade. However, the illegal trade of wild-caught parrots poses a threat to the species, despite international bans. While the species is globally assessed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN, local populations have experienced declines due to persecution for the illegal pet trade and habitat loss.
Habitat destruction, primarily driven by agricultural expansion and logging, continues to impact their natural environments. Despite conservation efforts and their presence in protected areas, the tradition of keeping parrots as pets in Neotropical countries contributes to ongoing illegal domestic trade. Continued conservation work is needed to address the challenges faced by chocoyos.