Small bumps can appear on the areola, the darker skin surrounding the nipple. Many individuals may observe these raised areas and wonder about their nature. These bumps are a perfectly normal part of breast anatomy, present in all genders and at various life stages. They are not typically a cause for concern, but rather serve specific functions.
Understanding Areolar Bumps
These small bumps are known as Montgomery glands. They are a type of sebaceous gland, which means they produce an oily substance. While some sources also describe them as a combination of sebaceous and milk glands, their primary function involves oil production. These glands appear as small, raised structures, often resembling goosebumps or tiny pimples.
The number and size of Montgomery glands can vary significantly from person to person. An individual might have anywhere from a few to dozens on each areola. They are a common anatomical feature and their presence is considered a normal variation of the breast. These glands are always present, though they may become more noticeable at certain times.
The Role of Montgomery Glands
Their main role is to produce and secrete an oily substance called sebum. This sebum helps to lubricate and protect the nipple and areola, keeping the skin moisturized and supple. The oily secretion also contains antibacterial properties, which helps to shield the area from infections. This protective barrier is beneficial, especially during periods like breastfeeding.
Beyond lubrication and protection, these glands also play a role in infant feeding. The oily substance they produce emits a distinct scent that can help guide a newborn to the nipple, encouraging latching during breastfeeding. This scent attracts infants and promotes successful breastfeeding initiation. The visibility and activity of Montgomery glands can fluctuate due to hormonal changes. They often become more prominent and noticeable during puberty, before menstrual periods, and significantly during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as the body prepares for lactation.
When to Consult a Doctor
While Montgomery glands are usually normal, there are instances when changes in their appearance or associated symptoms warrant medical attention. Consult a healthcare professional if you notice sudden, significant changes in the size or shape of the bumps. Pain, tenderness, or discomfort in the area also indicate a need for evaluation.
Signs of a possible infection, such as redness, warmth, or swelling around the bumps, should prompt a doctor’s visit. Any discharge from the bumps that is not the normal oily secretion, especially if it is bloody or contains pus, requires immediate medical attention. Persistent itching or a rash on or around the areola can also be a sign of an underlying issue. Additionally, any new lumps or changes in the overall breast tissue itself should always be checked by a doctor. Avoid squeezing or picking at these bumps, as this can lead to irritation or introduce bacteria, potentially causing an infection.