“Brain shakes,” also known as “brain zaps,” “brain shivers,” or “head zaps,” are an unsettling sensory phenomenon. These sensations are brief electric shock-like feelings in the head. Though alarming, they are generally not dangerous or indicative of brain damage. Understanding these sensations can help individuals manage them more effectively.
What Brain Shakes Feel Like and Why They Happen
Brain shakes are described as sudden jolts or electric shock sensations in the head. These brief episodes may also feel like buzzing, vibrating, or shimmering feelings in the head. Some people report accompanying symptoms like dizziness, disorientation, or a momentary feeling of disconnect. They can sometimes be triggered by eye movement or head turns.
The primary and most common cause of brain shakes is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS). This occurs when stopping or reducing the dosage of certain medications, notably selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). These medications alter brain neurotransmitter levels, especially serotonin. Abruptly stopping or tapering too quickly causes the brain to struggle adjusting to rapid chemical changes, leading to temporary imbalance. This adjustment period can result in withdrawal symptoms like brain shakes, which are a symptom of withdrawal and not a sign of brain damage.
Other Factors That Can Cause Similar Sensations
While antidepressant discontinuation is the most recognized cause, similar sensations can arise from other factors. Withdrawal from other medications, like benzodiazepines or certain sleep aids, can also cause neurological discomfort. Their abrupt cessation can disrupt brain chemistry by affecting different neurotransmitters.
Severe anxiety or panic attacks may also cause unusual head sensations or dizziness, potentially confused with brain shakes. Chronic stress can disrupt neurotransmitter levels, leading to brief “misfires” in the brain. Sleep disturbances, often linked to stress, can also make the brain prone to abnormal electrical activity and neurotransmitter imbalances, contributing to these sensations.
In rare instances, certain neurological conditions may cause brief, unsettling head sensations. Conditions like inner ear issues, some migraines, or nerve irritations (e.g., occipital neuralgia) can present with tingling or shocking sensations in the head. However, these are less common than medication withdrawal and typically involve other distinct symptoms.
Strategies for Relief
For medication-related brain shakes, gradual dosage tapering under healthcare professional supervision is often recommended. Abruptly stopping medication can intensify withdrawal symptoms, including brain shakes. A doctor can create a personalized tapering schedule, slowly reducing the dosage over weeks or months, allowing the brain to adjust gently.
Implementing certain lifestyle adjustments can also help manage the discomfort associated with brain shakes. Adequate sleep, stress reduction techniques (e.g., mindfulness, deep breathing), and regular physical activity support overall brain health. A balanced diet also contributes to well-being. Avoiding stimulants like caffeine and alcohol may prevent symptom exacerbation.
It can be helpful to remember that these symptoms are usually temporary and will resolve as the brain fully adjusts. While some experience symptoms for a few weeks, they can persist for several months in some cases. Patience and reassurance about their temporary nature are important coping mechanisms.
When to Seek Professional Help
It is important to seek medical attention if brain shakes are severe, debilitating, or persist for an unusually long duration. Though generally not harmful, these sensations can be distressing and interfere with daily life. If symptoms worsen despite self-care or gradual tapering, professional guidance is advisable.
Consulting a doctor is also important if new or concerning neurological symptoms appear alongside brain shakes. These may include severe headaches, numbness, weakness, vision changes, or confusion, as they could indicate a different underlying condition. Always consult the prescribing doctor before making any changes to medication dosage or discontinuing medication. Abruptly stopping medication without medical supervision can lead to more severe withdrawal symptoms. Professional advice for diagnosis is also recommended if the cause is unknown or if they cause significant distress.