“Bay bugs” is a broad term often used by the public to describe small, often unnoticed, invertebrate creatures that inhabit coastal environments. Boston Bay, a vibrant marine ecosystem, teems with a diverse array of these tiny organisms, playing varied roles within the underwater world. These creatures are a natural part of the bay’s rich biodiversity, contributing to its overall health. This article identifies common “bay bugs” and explains their significance in the local marine environment.
Identifying Common Marine Organisms in Boston Bay
Amphipods, sometimes called “sea fleas” or “sideswimmers,” are common in Boston Bay. They are found in large numbers, often hiding in organic debris or aquatic vegetation. The skeleton shrimp (Caprella mutica) is a slender amphipod that attaches to dock pilings, algae, and eelgrass, resembling a miniature praying mantis.
Isopods are another group frequently encountered, including species like Idotea balthica. These flattened, oval-shaped crustaceans often cling to eelgrass and seaweed. Some are known as “sea slaters” when scurrying over intertidal rocks. Small crustaceans, including juvenile crabs and tiny shrimp, are also prevalent throughout Boston Bay. Non-native green crabs and Asian shore crabs are abundant, often found under rocks or in shallow waters.
Marine worms, specifically polychaetes, also inhabit Boston Harbor. These segmented worms vary in form; some burrow into mud and sand, while others build tubes on hard surfaces. Some species have distinct features like tentacles or a “furry” appearance from fleshy protrusions. These small invertebrates are diverse in appearance and habitat, forming a significant part of the bay’s hidden life.
Ecological Role and Significance
These small marine organisms are integral to the Boston Bay ecosystem, forming the base of complex food webs. As primary consumers and decomposers, they process organic matter and convert energy for larger animals. Many invertebrates, such as bivalves, are filter feeders, siphoning small food particles like phytoplankton and zooplankton from the water, which helps clarify the bay’s waters.
They serve as a food source for various marine life, including fish, crabs, and birds. For example, horseshoe crab eggs provide an important nutrient source for migratory shorebirds. The abundance and diversity of these invertebrates also indicate environmental health; a thriving population signals a healthy marine environment. Increased macroinvertebrate diversity in Boston Harbor since the late 20th century has been linked to improved water quality from restoration efforts.
Encountering “Bay Bugs”: What to Know
Exploring Boston Bay’s shorelines often involves encountering these small marine invertebrates. Amphipods can sometimes be observed in large numbers, particularly during low tide, as the water recedes from seaweed and other debris. Green crabs and Asian shore crabs are easily found by gently turning over rocks along the water’s edge, especially on rocky beaches. Isopods are most likely seen clinging to or moving among beds of eelgrass and seaweed in shallow areas.
These “bay bugs” are harmless to humans. While larger crabs, like green crabs, can deliver a minor pinch if handled carelessly, they are not dangerous. Observe these creatures from a distance, allowing them to continue their natural behaviors undisturbed. When exploring tide pools or rocky shores, return any overturned rocks to their original position to protect the delicate habitats beneath them.