While trees offer shade, beauty, and environmental benefits, some become a source of frustration, informally known as “bitch trees.” This article identifies common problematic tree species and provides guidance on managing or replacing them effectively.
Characteristics of Problematic Trees
Problematic trees often exhibit several undesirable traits. Messiness is a common issue, stemming from excessive leaf drop, sticky sap, or messy fruits and nuts. These can stain surfaces, create tripping hazards, and require frequent cleanup.
Structural problems also make trees problematic. Trees with weak wood are prone to breaking branches, posing risks to property and safety. Shallow or aggressive root systems can damage foundations, sidewalks, driveways, and underground pipes.
Some trees produce high levels of pollen, causing seasonal allergies. Rapid growth often necessitates frequent pruning, increasing maintenance demands. Certain species are also prone to specific pests or diseases.
Common Trees Often Considered Problematic
Several tree species are often problematic. The silver maple (Acer saccharinum) is known for its fast growth but possesses soft, brittle wood that breaks easily in strong winds or ice storms. Its shallow and aggressive root system can heave sidewalks, crack foundations, and invade septic systems and pipes.
The Bradford pear (Pyrus calleryana) is another problematic tree. While producing abundant white flowers in spring, these flowers emit an unpleasant odor. Its weak branch structure makes it susceptible to splitting as it matures. Bradford pears are also invasive in many regions, spreading aggressively and outcompeting native plants, sometimes reverting to a thorny, wild type.
Mulberry trees (Morus spp.) are messy due to prolific fruit production. Their dark berries stain pavement, cars, and clothing, and attract birds that spread seeds. Some mulberry varieties also have aggressive root systems.
The Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a highly invasive species that grows rapidly and produces many wind-dispersed seeds. It releases allelopathic chemicals that inhibit nearby plant growth, and its extensive root system can damage infrastructure.
Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) produce juglone, a chemical toxic to many other plant species, including tomatoes, blueberries, and apples, limiting nearby growth. This chemical is present in all parts of the tree, especially the nuts and roots.
Sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua) are known for their spiky, hard seed pods, which can be a nuisance and a tripping hazard when they fall. These “gumballs” require frequent cleanup.
Managing Problematic Trees
When dealing with existing problematic trees, several management strategies can help mitigate their adverse effects. Targeted pruning can reduce mess by removing weak or overhanging branches, improve a tree’s structural integrity, or manage its overall size. Regular cleanup of fallen leaves, fruit, or seeds can help maintain the tidiness of the landscape.
For trees with invasive root systems, installing root barriers can redirect root growth away from structures and pipes. Addressing pest and disease issues promptly can help maintain the tree’s health. If a tree is severely damaged, diseased, or poses a significant safety risk, professional assessment by a certified arborist is advisable. Arborists can provide options for major pruning, cabling and bracing for structural support, or safe removal.
Choosing Better Tree Alternatives
Selecting the right tree for a landscape can prevent many common issues. Prioritizing trees with non-invasive root systems, clean habits (minimal shedding of messy debris), strong wood, and resistance to common pests and diseases helps ensure a well-behaved addition to the garden. Matching the tree’s mature size to the available space is also important to avoid future problems.
Several species offer desirable traits for residential landscapes. Japanese maples (Acer palmatum), known for their ornamental value and typically non-invasive roots, are suitable for smaller spaces. Dogwood varieties (Cornus spp.), serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), and crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) are popular choices that offer seasonal interest, manageable sizes, and generally clean habits. Oaks (Quercus spp.), such as the red oak, are often recommended for their strong wood and longevity, though some varieties can have invasive roots.