Anti-embolism stockings are specialized medical garments designed to apply gentle pressure to the legs. They serve a fundamental purpose in healthcare by supporting healthy blood circulation. These stockings are often used as a preventative measure to promote overall circulatory well-being.
Preventing Blood Clots: Their Primary Role
Anti-embolism stockings primarily prevent blood clots, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvis. These clots can cause pain, swelling, and redness, though sometimes they present with no symptoms.
A serious complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism (PE), where a portion of the blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. This blockage can lead to severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and a rapid heart rate. PE is a life-threatening condition that can result in permanent lung damage, low blood oxygen levels, or even sudden death.
How Anti-Embolism Stockings Work
Anti-embolism stockings function by applying graduated compression to the legs. This means they are tightest at the ankle, with pressure gradually decreasing as they extend up the leg toward the thigh. This graduated pressure gently squeezes the veins in the legs.
By compressing the veins, these stockings assist in moving blood back towards the heart more efficiently. This action helps prevent blood from pooling, a condition known as venous stasis, which is characterized by slow blood flow in the veins and can contribute to clot formation. Improving blood flow and reducing venous stasis lowers the risk of blood clots developing. Standard anti-embolism stockings typically apply pressure ranging from 18 mmHg at the ankle down to 8 mmHg just below the knee.
When Anti-Embolism Stockings Are Prescribed
Anti-embolism stockings are prescribed in situations that increase a person’s risk of developing blood clots. This includes during and after surgery, especially procedures that involve the legs or require extended periods of immobility. The body naturally releases clotting agents when tissue is cut, and reduced movement post-surgery creates an environment conducive to clot formation.
Individuals on prolonged bed rest due to illness or injury, or those with limited mobility, are also advised to wear these stockings. Medical conditions, such as certain heart conditions or cancer, can also necessitate their use. Healthcare professionals measure the patient’s legs to ensure a correct fit, which is important for effective compression and preventing complications.